Friedemann Schulz of Thun

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Friedemann Schulz von Thun (2014)

Friedemann Schulz von Thun (born August 6, 1944 in Soltau ) is a German psychologist and communication scientist and founder of the Schulz von Thun Institute for Communication in Hamburg.

Life

Schulz von Thun attended the learned school of the Johanneum in Hamburg. As a trainer of the local chess club, he dealt with psychological issues. At that time he developed the method of " thinking aloud ".

Schulz von Thun studied psychology, philosophy and education in Hamburg from 1967 to 1971, then was assistant to Reinhard Tausch and received his doctorate in 1973 on "Comprehensibility in the conveyance of knowledge and information". After his habilitation in 1975, he was appointed university professor in Hamburg .

From 1971 he held training courses for teachers and managers, which were initially determined by the guiding principles of behavioral training and applied group dynamics . The aim was "internal democratization", learning how to work together as partners between different interaction partners.

By studying Alfred Adler's individual psychology and Ruth Cohn's theme-centered interaction, he deepened his understanding of interpersonal processes. From the integration of individual psychological, humanistic and systemic directions and his course experience, the model of the communication square emerged in the 1970s, which he presented in 1981 in the book “Talking to one another, disorders and clarifications”.

Schulz von Thun lives in Hamburg, is second married and has two children.

The communication square

Graphic representation of the four-sided model

The four-sided model or communication square is based on the assumption that every utterance can be interpreted according to four aspects (sides) - by the sender of the utterance as well as by the recipient. These four sides of the message are represented in the model by a square side each in its own color:

  1. On the factual side (blue) the sender (the speaker) provides information about the factual content, i.e. H. about data and facts.
  2. The self-revelation (green) comprises what the speaker indicates by sending the message or message.
  3. The relationship side (yellow) expresses how the sender thinks he is towards the receiver and what he thinks of him.
  4. What the sender wants to achieve with the recipient is represented by the appeal side (red).

In interpersonal communication , however, there is not only someone who expresses himself - the sender - but also someone who listens - the recipient. While the transmitter speaks with “four beaks”, the receiver hears with “four ears”. The four sides of the sent message, i.e. what the sender wants to express and / or effect with an utterance, often do not correspond to the four sides as interpreted by the recipient. That is why the four sides of a message make interpersonal contacts exciting, but also exciting and susceptible to interference. In practice, the receiver is also the sender.

This model can be extended to general communication processes in society with some restrictions. These then also include, for example, the emphatically factual communication between authorities or institutions.

Styles, values ​​and personal development

In the second volume of “ Talking to one another ”, which appeared in 1989, Schulz von Thun wrote about the diversity of people. “Talking to each other 2” has now reached its 33rd edition (status: May 2014) and deals with the following main finding: People are different in the way they talk to others and how they make contact with them. What the one urgently needs to expand his social skills, the other may already have too much. Based on this, he describes eight communication styles (styles of contact and relationship design)

  1. The needy-dependent style
  2. The helping style
  3. The self-less style
  4. The aggressive-devaluing style
  5. The proven style
  6. The determining-controlling style
  7. The distancing style
  8. The communicative, dramatic style

Each of these styles has its communicative peculiarities, its strengths, its need for supplementation ("direction of development") and its susceptibility to interpersonal entanglements ("vicious circle").

"Inner team" model

The third volume (published at the end of 1998) describes u. a. that people often have "several souls in their breasts". They answer (more or less audibly) before, during and after we speak. Schulz von Thun calls this Inner Team . He relies on the psychological findings relating to the ego structure and interacting personality components , which come from Margaret Paul and Erika J. Chopich, among others .

He takes the example of a hard-working student from whom a less than committed fellow student wants to borrow a transcript. She doesn't want to say no and therefore fluctuates emotionally between anger (“He's taking advantage of you”) and collegiality (“You have to help each other”). This creates an inner conflict. In his model, Schulz von Thun calls such inner parts “voices” or “members of the inner team”. It is important to pay tribute to every Inner Team Member because “Inner Plurality” is human and valuable. But depending on the course of the internal discussions , depending on how the "internal working atmosphere" is designed and whether there is a good conversation leader , we can have an "internal team" - or suffer from an eternally divided bunch, with negative consequences too for external communication.

honors and awards

Schulz von Thun has received numerous honors and awards for his work, including the Life Achievement Award of the continuing education industry in 2009 and an honorary doctorate (Dr. oec. Hc) from the University of St. Gallen in 2012 .

See also

Publications

  • with Christoph Thomann : Non-fiction clarification aid - manual for therapists, discussion helpers and moderators
  • Talking to each other 1 - disruptions and clarifications. General psychology of communication. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1981, ISBN 3-499-17489-8 .
  • Talk to each other 2. Styles, values ​​and personal development. Differential Psychology of Communication. Special edition, Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-499-62717-0 . (The original edition first appeared in 1989.)
  • Talking to each other 3 - The "inner team" and communication appropriate to the situation. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1998, ISBN 3-499-60545-7 .
    • Talk to each other. 3 volumes. Rororo, Reinbek near Hamburg 2005.
    • with Kathrin Zach and Karen Zoller: Talking to each other from A to Z - Lexicon of Communication Psychology. The reference work on «Talking to one another 1–3» . Rowohlt (rororo), Reinbek 2012, ISBN 978-3-499-62830-6 .
  • Getting along with yourself and others: communication and social skills. Speeches, essays, dialogues. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2004, ISBN 3-499-61924-5 .
  • as ed. with Johannes Ruppel and Roswitha Stratmann: Talking to one another: Communication for executives. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2000/2003, ISBN 3-499-61531-2 .
  • as ed. with Wibke Stegemann: The Inner Team in Action. Practical work with the model. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2004, ISBN 3-499-61644-0 .
  • with Bernhard Pörksen : Communication as an art of living. Philosophy and practice of talking to one another. 2014, ISBN 978-384-970049-2 .
  • with Bernhard Pörksen: The art of talking to one another. About the dialogue in society and politics. 2020, ISBN 978-3-446-26590-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ CV. Schulz von Thun Institute for Communication, 2020, accessed on May 1, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Schulz von Thun, Friedemann .: The "inner team" and situation-appropriate communication: [communication, person, situation] . Rowohlt-Taschenbuch-Verl, 2011, ISBN 978-3-499-62717-0 ( worldcat.org [accessed April 14, 2020]).
  3. ↑ Prize winner 2009: Prof. Dr. Friedemann Schulz of Thun. In: life-achievement-award.de. Retrieved May 26, 2017 .
  4. ↑ Awards and prizes. (No longer available online.) Schulz von Thun, Institute for Communication, archived from the original on October 30, 2016 ; accessed on October 30, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.schulz-von-thun.de

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Schulz von Thun, Friedemann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German communication scientist
DATE OF BIRTH August 6, 1944
PLACE OF BIRTH Soltau