Black sugar maple
| Black sugar maple | ||||||||||||
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Black sugar maple, illustration |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Acer saccharum subsp. nigrum | ||||||||||||
| ( F.Michx. ) Desmarais |
The black sugar maple ( Acer saccharum subsp. Nigrum ), also known as black sugar maple and black maple , is a subspecies of the Acer saccharum plant from the maple genus ( Acer ) in the soap tree family (Sapindaceae). It is native to North America.
description
The black sugar maple grows as a medium-sized tree and reaches heights of about 25 meters. The treetop is very densely elliptical. The variable bark is usually dark gray-brown to black and on older trees it is furrowed with long, thick, irregular cracks or it is scaly. The thin to medium-thick twigs have a brown, initially gray, downy, hairy, later shiny bark with lighter colored lenticels . The brown terminal buds are thick with a sharply pointed upper end. The opposite leaves are stalked. The simple leaf blade is usually three-lobed, rarely five-lobed and with entire margins. The large stipules are hairy on the underside.
The drooping inflorescences appear at the same time as the foliage leaves. The small flowers are yellow to green. The horseshoe-shaped split fruits disintegrate into two winged fruits when ripe in autumn.
Differentiation of the similar subspecies
In contrast to other sugar maple subspecies, the buds are more hairy, the young twigs and the underside of the leaves are also hairy. The leaves are usually only three-lobed, the incisions between the leaf lobes are less deep. The bark is darker, almost black, and deeply furrowed.
Occurrence
The black sugar maple is found in most of the northeastern United States and southern Ontario in Canada . It was introduced in Europe .
It usually grows on moist to wet, lime-rich soils at low altitudes.
Systematics
The first description was in 1812 under the name Acer nigrum by François André Michaux in Histoire des Arbres Forestiers de l'Amerique Septentrionale , 2, pp. 238-241, plate 16. Nathaniel Lord Britton gave it in 1889 the rank of a variety in Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences , 9 (1-2), p. 10. Yves Desmarais gave it the rank of subspecies in Brittonia in 1952 , Volume 7 (5), p. 382.
Other synonyms for Acer saccharum subsp. nigrum (. F.Michx) Desmarais include Acer barbatum var. nigrum coffin (F.Michx.). Acer nigrum var. palmeri coffin. Acer nigrum var. pseudoplatanoides (Pax) Fosberg, Acer nigrum f. pubescens Deam, Acer nigrum f. villosum Deam, Acer palmifolium var. nigrum ( F. Michx .) Schwer., Acer palmifolium var. pseuoplatanoides (Pax) Schwer., Acer palmifolium f. truncatum Schwer., Acer palmifolium f. villosum heavy. Acer saccharinum var. nigrum (F.Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray, Acer saccharophorum var. Nigrum (F. Michx.) J. Rousseau, Acer saccharophorum f. palmeri (coffin) J.Rousseau, Acer saccharum var. palmeri (coffin.) AEMurray, Acer saccharum var. pseudoplatanoides Pax, Saccharodendron nigrum (F.Michx.) Small.
Acer saccharum subsp. nigrum (F.Michx.) Desmarais belongs to the species Acer saccharum Marshall from the Saccharodendron series in the Acer section within the genus Acer .
use
The black sugar maple is used in a similar way to the sugar maple to make maple syrup . Its wood is also used.
swell
- Datasheet from The Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University . (Section description)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Helmut Pirc: Maples . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1994, ISBN 3-8001-6554-6 , pp. 213 .
- ↑ a b Peter Schütt , Hans Joachim Schuck, Bernd Stimm (eds.): Lexicon of tree and shrub species. The standard work of forest botany. Morphology, pathology, ecology and systematics of important tree and shrub species . Nikol, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-933203-53-8 , pp. 23 (reprinted 1992).
- ^ Entry as a subspecies in GRIN - Taxonomy for Plants .
- ↑ Entry as a subspecies in Tropicos .