Black pine bast beetle
| Black pine bast beetle | ||||||||||||
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Black pine bast beetle ( Hylastes ater ) |
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| Hylastes ater | ||||||||||||
| ( Paykull , 1800) |
The black pine beetle , ( Hylastes ater ) is a weevil from the subfamily of the bark beetle (Scolytinae). Since it creates its brood systems in the bark of tree stumps and roots of the host trees, it is counted among the root breeders.
features
The beetles are 4.5 to 4.8 millimeters long and have a black body. The head is visible from above and slightly elongated like a trunk. The forehead has a longitudinal keel, but has no transverse furrow above it. The pronotum is as long as it is wide and equally dotted, with a dot-free center line. The black, equipped with powerful rows parallel elytra are not scored or serrated on Basalrand and without bumps and more than twice as long as wide together. The spaces between the rows of dots have very short, light hairs. The antennae has three seams and is egg-shaped, the antennae is seven-limbed. The third phalanx is heart-shaped and bilobed. The antennae and tarsi are colored red. The male has a dent on the last tergite , the female lacks one.
distribution
The species is common in Europe .
Way of life
Hylastes ater is less common on pine trees ( Pinus ), on Norway spruce ( Picea abies ), Siberian spruce ( Picea obovata ) and yew ( Taxus baccata ). The larvae develop under the bark of tree stumps and their roots, in exceptional cases also from living roots. The beetles feed on young coniferous woody plants.
The one-armed seven to eight centimeter long mother passage is laid out as a longitudinal passage. The larval ducts emerge irregularly and soon become confused, so that no clear feeding pattern can be seen. The maturation feeding of the young beetles usually takes place at the stumps with still largely intact cortical tissue to damp lying tribes and cocks and one to ten years of host plants where they partly underground and partly above ground root bark at the root collar befressen and bottom stem portion. The feeding marks are similar to those of the spruce weevil ( Hylobius abietis ), but are more duct-shaped and undercut the bark in places.
There are one to mostly two generations a year with flight times from April to May. The animals live monogamous . They become active at an air temperature of 5 ° C, start feeding at 7 to 9 ° C, feeding at 8 to 9 ° C and then swarming at around 20 ° C. The beetles don't fly much. Eggs are laid with up to 60 pieces on tree stumps and their flat roots. They usually overwinter on stumps, branches and young plants of the host trees.
Harmful effect
The beetle causes young trees to die by their food and maturation feed. This only causes the damage in the first place when large numbers of young trees are caused to die in conifer plantations. The damage here includes the value of the young plant, its planting costs and the costs of replanting. In abundant natural regeneration , the beetle's feed is usually of no importance. Dead young plants are mostly replaced by nature in abundance here. Propagation and damage are favored when the harvesting of old trees and the replanting of young trees for several consecutive years in strips ( narrow clear-cutting ) is carried out as continuously available for the brood feeding stumps and for the nutritional feeding young plants. However, deciduous tree plantings can break the circle and create less favorable conditions for the beetle. Control is usually very labor-intensive and expensive, as approved pesticides have to be procured, applied and their success checked. It is possible to catch the beetles on poisoned material that is accepted for food consumption (catch wood).
Systematics
Synonyms
The following synonyms are known from the literature for Hylastes ater :
- Bostrichus ater Paykull, 1800
- Hylesinus chloropus Duftschmid, 1825
- Hylesinus var. Brunneus Erichson, 1836
- Hylastes pinicola Bedel, 1888
- Hylastes rotundicollis Reitter, 1894
- Hylastes robustus Reitter, 1894
- Tomicus pinicola Bedel, 1888
- Hylastes angusticollis Eggers, 1929
- Hylastes aterrimus Eggers, 1933
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hylastes ater (Paykul, 1800). Fauna Europaea, Version 1.3, April 19, 2007 , accessed on October 13, 2008 .
literature
- Fritz Schwerdtfeger : The forest diseases. Textbook of forest pathology and forest protection. 4th, revised edition. Parey, Hamburg and Berlin 1981, ISBN 3-490-09116-7
- Sabine Grüne : Handbook for the determination of the European bark beetles . M. & H. Schaper Verlag, Hannover 1979, ISBN 3-7944-0103-4
- Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica - The beetles of the German Empire . Volume 5, KG Lutz, Stuttgart 1916
- Edmund Reitter: Fauna Germanica - The beetles of the German Empire . 5 volumes, Stuttgart KG Lutz 1908–1916, digital library volume 134, Directmedia Publishing GmbH, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-89853-534-7
