Side passage
A side gait is defined as certain learned forward-sideways movements of a horse . Side gaits can be ridden in all gaits and all lane figures .
A distinction is made between the side passages in "curved with the direction of movement" ( Travers and Renvers ) and "curved against the direction of movement" ( shoulder-in and counter- shoulder-in ).
In shoulder-in (front part bent into the path) and counter shoulder-in (front part bent against the wall), the horse moves in a straight line and bends its body towards the inside in such a way that the front legs run a track further inwards than the rear legs (three-stroke) or, that the front legs run two tracks further inwards than the rear legs (four-stroke).
Travers (rear part bent into the track) and Renvers (rear part bent against the wall) differ only in their alignment to the gang. They represent the same movement for the horse. It moves in a straight line and bends its body to the outside, although it runs further in with the forehand .
The curvature of the horse's body is mainly due to the rigid spine between the ribs, possible in the neck and a little in the lumbar region. Side passages promote body control in bending, balance and smoothness of movements.
As the training progresses , the side gaits are ridden on the circle, the square and the volte, as well as in artificial gaits ( piaffe , passage , terre à terre , mezair and courbette and schools above the ground ). Side movements on the narrowest volte are called pirouette (traverse volte) or repulon (renver volte).
The traversal represents a railway figure in side corridors. It connects the shoulder in at the beginning with the traverse shift through the diagonal and the renvers when arriving at the new side with subsequent switching to shoulder in.
In modern equestrian sport, the traversals are also counted as side aisles. Shoulder fore and riding-in-position are preparatory exercises for learning lateral movements. Loriston-Clarke counts also the forehand and the leg yield to these preliminary exercises.
Sideways movements of the horse, where the horse is not bent in the spine, but only at the poll found , such as the leg yield or square zoom in / out, are not among the aisles.
history
The side movements are an immediate preliminary exercise for any fighting use of the riding horse. B. Schirg considers the movement of the Greek war horse trainer Xenophon (around 400 BC) called the “snake tour” to be a combination of side walks.
“Originally it came about as a combat exercise, for example to show the opponent only the bow and not the broadside, also to deceive him, in general, to maneuver skillfully, such gaits came about which in nature almost not, at most as natural Crooked , traverse-like walking at a gallop, shoulder-in-like trotting can be observed. "
Individual evidence
- ^ Riding art in the mirror of their masters, Volume 1, p. 354, Berthold Schirg, 1992
- ^ Instructions for the training of Cavallerieremonte, Colonel von Krane, 1870
- ↑ a b c d Riding art in the mirror of their masters, Berthold Schirg, 1992
- ↑ Le maneige royal, Antoine de Pluvinel, 1605
- ↑ a b Schools and tours of baroque equestrian art, Princely Riding School Bückeburg, 2011
- ↑ Guidelines for Riding and Driving . Vol. 2, p. 45.
- ↑ Loriston-Clarke, p. 77
literature
- Guidelines for riding and driving. Vol. 2: Advanced training . Published by the German Equestrian Association (FNverlag), 12th edition Warendorf 1997, ISBN 3-88542-283-2
- Jennie Loriston-Clarke: The Complete Guide to Dressage. How to Achieve Perfect Harmony between You and Your Horse. Principal Movements in Step-by-Step Sequences Demonstrated by a World Medallist. Quarto Publishing plc, London 1987, reprinted 1993, ISBN 0-09-174430-X .
- Berthold Schirg: Riding art in the mirror of its masters. Volumes 1 and 2, Olms Presse, 1987, ISBN 3-487-08285-3 .