Sendaivirus infection
The Sendai virus infection is by the Sendai virus (species Murine parainfluenza virus 1 or Murine Respirovirus ) from the family of the Paramyxoviridae caused viral disease . Natural infection with this virus occurs in mice , rats , guinea pigs , hamsters , rabbits , monkeys and humans. The virus is spread all over the world .
Clinical picture
After infection, the virus replicates for six to seven days .
In the case of an enzootia , i.e. a persistent disease in the herd, the disease with the highly infectious pathogen is often subclinical and usually without a fatal outcome. The animal heals within about 2 weeks. Newborns and suckling offspring within an infected herd of mice or rats are supplied with maternal antibodies and remain protected against re-infection for about 4-8 weeks. Once the infection has been overcome, the antibodies formed protect against re-infection for at least 1 year. In the case of an epizootic , i.e. a new introduction into larger rodent breeding populations, the diseases are much more severe. There are clinical diseases of the respiratory system that can cause mortality of up to 100% in mice . They are also expressed in general disorders (ruffled fur, weight loss, reduced growth), eye discharge, reduced reproductive performance and increased newborn mortality.
Infected animals should be isolated, kept warm, and given adequate fluids. Food and water should be easily accessible; increasing the humidity may make it easier to cough up. Since the pathogen spreads through the air over a distance of up to 2 meters, an appropriate spatial distance must be ensured. The strictest hygiene when handling the animals, when handling all equipment and the feed is a matter of course, because the pathogen can survive in the environment for up to 3 hours.
If the disease survives, the virus will presumably be completely eliminated; so far it could no longer be detected in such animals. Antibodies remain detectable throughout their life.
Diagnosis
Pathological-anatomical evidence shows acute rhinitis with focal ulcers and necrosis of the epithelium of the trachea . About avowed infections manifest themselves in changes in the lungs with fibrous tissue replacement and a bonding of the pleura due to pleurisy caused by bacterial secondary infections caused. Pathohistologically, eosinophilic inclusion bodies can be detected in the cytoplasm of the tracheal epithelium.
An infection in living animals can take place via an antibody detection using ELISA from the 7th day after the infection. Cultivation in a cell culture or immunohistochemical detection from secretion swabs is also possible.
Combat
Therapy for the disease is not possible. Control is therefore limited to preventing the introduction and regular serological monitoring of the population. Seropositive animals or animals that have been in contact with them are to be separated and the cages are to be disinfected. For rodent breeding for medical research, these measures are required in some countries.
The best protection against being introduced into a breeding group is quarantine. For a single animal 3–4 weeks should be enough, for a breeding group with the described problem of resistance in young animals up to an age of 4 to 8 weeks, the quarantine should be maintained for up to 3–4 months.
literature
- FA Murphy et al .: Veterinary Virology . Academic Press, 3rd ed. 1999, pp. 418-419, ISBN 0-12-511340-4
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ NCBI: Murine respirovirus (species)
- ^ ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Murine respirovirus
