Seweryn Nalywajko
Severyn Nalywajko ( Ukrainian Северин Наливайко , scientific transliteration Severyn Nalyvajko ; * around 1560 in Hussjatyn ; † April 21, 1597 in Warsaw ) was a Ukrainian Cossack leader who became a hero of Ukrainian literature . The Russian Decembrist and poet Kondrati Rylejew and Taras Shevchenko also dedicated poems to him.
Naliwajko was born in Husiatyn into the family of an Orthodox priest. He served under Prince Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski , the son of Prince Konstantin Ivanovich Ostroschski in the army of Lithuania , to which the Ukraine belonged at the time. In 1593 he fought against the Zaporozhian Cossacks , who rose up against the Polish feudal lords under Kryschtof Kosynskyj . However, when his father was killed by a Polish nobleman, Naliwajko switched sides and eventually became the leader of the Nalywajko uprising .
Naliwajko led a group of Cossacks in 1594 who made some successful attacks on Moldova and Hungary . The next year, after his army had received large numbers of runaway peasants, he conquered the city of Lutsk , where his men massacred the entire Polish nobility, the Catholic clergy and religious defectors. Naliwajkos Cossacks moved from Volhynia to Belarus and sacked the city of Mogilev .
Naliwajko offered the Polish King Sigismund III. Wasa then made peace on the condition that Poland ceded areas between the Southern Bug and the Dniester south of Brazlaw to the Cossacks . The Polish king refused and in 1596 sent Stanisław Żółkiewski to put down the uprising that had meanwhile encompassed all of Ukraine and Belarus.
Naliwajko united his army with the Cossack hetman Hryhorij Loboda , but had to move to the left bank of Ukraine . In May 1596 the Poles surrounded the Cossacks near the town of Lubny . The Cossacks fought for four weeks until their supplies of food and water ran out. They handed Naliwajko over to the Poles in exchange for their own amnesty , but were subsequently brutally massacred. The future Ukrainian national hero was brought to Warsaw in a cage , where he was publicly quartered . Folk legends that before his death he was crowned with a glowing iron crown or boiled alive are not supported by written evidence.
literature
- N. Ogarkow and others: Sovetskaja wojennaja enziklopedija: Linija-Objektowaja . Wojenisdat, Moscow 1978, p. 482. (Russian)
Web links
- Seweryn Nalywajko in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine (English)
Individual evidence
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Nalywajko, Severyn |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Наливайко, Северин (Ukrainian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Ukrainian Cossack leader |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1560 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Hussyatyn |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 21, 1597 |
| Place of death | Warsaw |