Sharpless catalog
The Sharpless catalog is a list of 312 HII regions ( emission nebulae ) with the intention of a complete list of these objects north of the declination δ = −27 ° (it also contains some nebulae south of this elevation). The first edition from 1953 (Sh1) still contained 142 objects, the second and final version from 1959 (Sh2) by Stewart Sharpless then contained 312 objects. The catalog also contains some planetary nebulae and supernova remnants.
In the year 1953 Stewart Sharpless employee who was United States Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station , where he HII regions in the Milky Way based on the survey of the Palomar Sky Survey analyzed and cataloged. From this work he published his catalogs of HII regions in two editions, the first in the same year with 142 nebulae. The second and last edition was published in 1959 and then contained 312 nebulae.
Sharpless coordinates of the first edition Sh1 are based on the star catalogs of the Bonn survey (BD) or the Córdoba survey (CD). The second edition used coordinates from era 1900.
In Sh2, some coordinates of the southern hemisphere have measurement deviations of more than one arc minute. This can make it much more difficult to find the objects you are looking for. That is why a revised catalog called BFS (Blitz, Fich and Stark) was published. This contained 65 new objects, 20 objects were removed. Most of the objects removed were either already mentioned nebulae or remnants.
The 312 entries in the Sharpless catalog sometimes overlap with the 110 in the Messier catalog (M), the 7,840 in the New General Catalog (NGC) and the RCW catalog . The Gum and RCW catalogs were contemporary , although these mainly covered the southern hemisphere.
Examples
Extract of examples from the second Sharpless catalog from 1958; A click on the picture provides a description of the picture, most of which come from different amateur astronomers, the European Southern Observatory , ESA or NASA
Sh 2- # | Surname | image | Occurrences or alternate names |
---|---|---|---|
6th | NGC 6302 | Sh2-6, NGC 6302, Bug Nebula, | |
8th | NGC 6334 | ESO 392-EN 009, Sharpless 8, RCW 127, Gum 64, NGC 6334 | |
11 | NGC 6357 | Sh2-11, NGC 6357, RCW 131, Gum 66, War and Peace Nebula | |
25th | Lagoon fog | Sh2 25, RCW 146, Gum 72, Messier 8 | |
30th | Trifid Nebula | Sh2 30, M20, NGC 6514, RCW 147, Gum 76 | |
45 | Omega nebula | Omega Nebula, M17, NGC 6618, Swan Nebula, Sharpless 45, RCW 160, Gum 81 | |
49 | Eagle Nebula | Sh2 49, Messier 16, NGC 6611, RCW 165, Gum 83 | |
101 | Tulip mist | Sharpless 101 | |
105 | NGC 6888 | Sh2 105, Sharpless 105 | |
106 | Nh2-106 | Nh2-106, Celestial Snow Angel | |
117 | North American Nebula | NGC 7000 | |
125 | Cocoon mist | IC 5146 | |
140 | Sh2-140 | Sh2-140 | |
155 | Cave fog | Sh2-155 | |
162 | NGC 7635 | Sh2-162, NGC 7635, Bubble nebula | |
184 | NGC 281 | NGC 281, IC 11 | |
191 | Maffei 1 | Sh2-191, Maffei 1, PGC 9892 | |
197 | Maffei 2 | Sh2-197, Maffei 2, UGCA 39, PGC 10217 | |
199 | Soul mist | Sh2-199, LBN 667, Soul Nebula, IC 1848 (cluster only) | |
220 | California fog | NGC 1499, Sharpless 220 | |
229 | IC 405 | Flaming Star Nebula, IC 405, Sh2-229 | |
238 | NGC 1555 | NGC 1555, Hind's Nebula, Sharpless 238 | |
244 | Crab Nebula | Messier 1, NGC 1952, | |
248 | IC 443 | IC 443, Sh2-248, Jellyfish Nebula | |
271 | Flame mist | Sh2-271, NGC 2024 | |
275 | Rosette nebula | Sh2-275, CTB 21 | |
276 | Barnard's loop | Sh2-276, Barnard's loop | |
281 | Orion Nebula | M42, NGC 1976, LBN 974 | |
298 | NGC 2359 | Thor's Helmet, Gum 4, Sharpless 298, NGC 2359 |
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Galaxy Map - The Gum, RCW, Sharpless and BFS catalogs
- ^ A b Dick Steven: Sky and Ocean Joined: The US Naval Observatory , 1830-2000 . Cambridge University Press , 2002, ISBN 978-0-521-81599-4 .
- ↑ Stewart Sharpless: A Catalog of Emission Nebulae Near the Galactic Plane , Astrophysical Journal vol. 118, 1953, p. 362, bibcode : 1953ApJ ... 118..362S .
- ↑ Stewart Sharpless: A Catalog of H II Regions , Astrophysical Journal Supplement, vol. 4, 1959, p. 257, bibcode : 1959ApJS .... 4..257S
- ↑ a b NASA / IPAC Extragalactic Database . In: Results for Maffei 2 . Retrieved November 25, 2006.