Siau

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Siau
The Karangetang volcano on Siau
The Karangetang volcano on Siau
Waters Celebes Sea , Moluccas Sea
Archipelago Sangihe Archipelago
Geographical location 2 ° 45 ′  N , 125 ° 24 ′  E Coordinates: 2 ° 45 ′  N , 125 ° 24 ′  E
Location of Siau
surface 125 km²
Highest elevation Karangetang (south summit)
1827  m
Residents 38,820 (2005)
311 inhabitants / km²

Siau (Indonesian: Pulau Siau [ ˈshaú ]) is a small island in the Sangihe archipelago . It is located about 130 km from the northern tip of Sulawesi in the Celebes Sea and has an area of ​​125 km². The densely populated island had 38,820 inhabitants in 2005 and a population density of 311 inhabitants / km². The island forms its own administrative district (Kabupaten) Kepulauan Siau Tagulandang Biaro and belongs to the province of Sulawesi Utara . In addition to tourism, the export of nutmegs is the most important industry. Other export goods are copra , cloves and squid .

geography

Inhabitants of Siau Island during colonial times

The landmark of Siau is the stratovolcano Karangetang (Api Siau) with the 1,784 m high north summit and the 1,827 m high south summit. Karangetang is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia with over 40 eruptions since 1675. In an eruption in 1974, much of the island's infrastructure was destroyed. Seven people were killed in 1992 and three people died in 1997. During the August 2007 outbreak, 564 residents were evacuated from three villages.

history

In 1584 Portuguese Jesuits set up a missionary post in the former Kingdom of Siau. From 1587 onwards, Siau was frequently attacked and looted by Ternaten . In 1593 the Raja sailed from Siau to Manila to win the Kingdom of Spain as a protective power. In 1605 the Dutch East India Company (VOC), founded in 1602, drove the Portuguese out of the Maluku province . Alarmed by the Dutch success, the Spaniards built their own fort on Ternate and chose Siau as a regular marshal on the trade route to Maluku. In 1607 the Dutch and Ternaten formed a formal alliance that attacked several villages on Siau in 1612. The Spaniards were able to stay on Siau until 1677, when the Dutch and Ternaten managed to completely conquer the island. The captured King of Siau then submitted to Kaicili Sibori, Sultan of Ternate, and became a vassal of the VOC. Siau was the first of the Sangihe Islands to be fully Christianized as early as the 19th century. In 1945 the rule of the Dutch on Siau ended.

fauna

Some very rare animal species are endemic to Siau , including the Siau scops owl ( Otus siaoensis ), which is only known from one specimen from 1866, and the Siau tarsier ( Tarsius tumpara ), which was only discovered in 2005 and described in 2008 most endangered primates in the world. The nature on Siau is under enormous pressure from the growing population and the Karangetang eruptions are also a constant threat. There are no nature reserves and the forested area has shrunk to 50 hectares.

swell

  1. ↑ BBC: Mystery deepens in ferry search
  2. ↑ a b Tarsius tumpara: A New Tarsier Species from Siau Island, North Sulawesi PDF full text ( Memento of the original from July 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tarsier.org
  3. ↑ Nutmeg Field Report ( Memento of the original from February 20, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mccormick.com
  4. ↑ Karangetang in the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution (English)
  5. ↑ North Sulawesi Tourism Promotion Board Sangihe & Talaud ( Memento of the original from April 29, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.north-sulawesi.org
  6. ↑ Henley, D. (1993). A Superabundance of Centers: Ternate and the Contest for North Sulawesi. Cakalele, 4, pp. 39-60.
  7. ^ Friedhelm Weick: Owls (Strigiformes): Annotated and Illustrated Checklist. Jumper. 2006. ISBN 3540352341

literature

  • David Henley: Fertility, Food and Fever: Population, Economy and Environment in North and Central Sulawesi, 1600-1930 . KITLV Press, 2005. ISBN 9789067182096

Web links

Commons : Siau  - collection of images, videos and audio files