Silver bolete
| Silver bolete | ||||||||||||
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Silver boletus ( Butyriboletus fechtneri ) |
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| Butyriboletus fechtneri | ||||||||||||
| ( Velen. ) D. Arora & JL Frank |
The silver or summer boletus ( Butyriboletus fechtneri , syn .: Boletus fechtneri ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the thick bolete relatives .
features
Macroscopic features
The hat of the silver tube is hemispherical to cushion-shaped and reaches a diameter of 6-18, sometimes 25 cm; in old age it can flatten out somewhat. In young fruit bodies, the hat is gray-white to silver-gray or almost pure white and noticeably fibrous and felt-like. Later it is grayish-brown in color and becomes smoother (balding); seldom it can also be tinted pinkish-brown. When touched, the surface turns brownish to reddish. The tubes are colored lemon to golden yellow; when touched, they turn blue. The pores have the same tint as the tubes, but can be tinted reddish brown; they also turn blue after touch.
The stalk of the mushroom is between 5–12 cm long and 2–4 cm thick. When young it has a bulbous shape, later it is cylindrical to club-shaped. The base is often pointed. The surface is pale to cream yellow in color and covered with a fine yellow net. In the lower area there is a narrow reddish zone.
The flesh ( trama ) is light yellow. When injured, it turns sky blue in the hat and reddish in the lower stem area. A pale blue or slightly greenish blue tint appears in between. This color distribution only occurs in the silver tubular. After a few hours the color will fade to a cloudy yellow. The taste of the meat is mild.
Microscopic features
The spores of the silver tubule are spindle-shaped and measure 30–40 × 9–13 micrometers. The basidia that carry them are 30–40 × 9–13 µm in size. The cystidia have a bulbous to narrow spindle or bottle-shaped shape and a size of 10–15 × 4–6 µm. The top layer of the hat consists of interwoven hyphae , the ends of which protrude partially but later settle down. They are 3–9 µm thick and have cylindrical, rarely clubbed end cells.
Species delimitation
The silver tubular should be confused with other gray-capped, yellow-pored tubulars. These include the rooted bitter boletus ( Boletus radicans ) and the Schönfuß bolete ( B. calopus ), both of which taste bitter. The latter also usually has a distinctly red stem. There is also a resemblance to the pale or pale-capped boletus ( Hemileccinum impolitum ), which already has clear brown tones in its hat when young, has no stem net and does not discolor when injured. The pale-capped forms of the king bolete ( Butyriboletus regius ) may also be similar. Your flesh will not discolour if injured.
Ecology and phenology
The silver boletus is a very rare mushroom that loves lime and warmth. In deciduous forests it can be found mainly under beeches and prefers warmth-favored trees. It is also found in oak-hornbeam forests.
Like other thick boletus relatives, the silver boletus can be found together with other species of the genera Butyriboletus and Boletus . These include primarily the blue end of King Boletus ( Bu. Fuscoroseus ), the King Boletus ( Bu. Regius ) and the False Satan Boletus ( B. legaliae ) and also the bronze Boletus ( B. aereus ), the appendage -Röhrling ( Bu. appendiculatus ) and the Glattstielige hexene Röhrling ( B. queletii ) and sometimes the rubroboletus satanas ( B. satana ). All of the species mentioned are also quite rare.
The fruiting bodies appear between July and the end of September. Sometimes specimens can still be found in early October.
Spread and endangerment
The silver bolet is widespread from meridional to temperate and can be found in the beech regions throughout Europe. However, it is rare everywhere. To the north, the distribution extends to about central Sweden and England. In Germany the fungus is scattered to rare in the south; it is particularly rare in the north.
Danger
The silver boletus is a rare fungus due to its preference for alkaline soils, for which a decline has been observed in numerous locations. The species is listed under category 2 (endangered) on the red list of large mushrooms in Germany .
meaning
The mushroom is edible, but in Germany it is protected by the Federal Species Protection Ordinance and may not be collected.
swell
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
Individual proof
- ↑ David Arora, Jonathan L. Frank: Clarifying the butter Boletes: a new genus, Butyriboletus , is established to accommodate Boletus sect. Appendiculati , and six new species are described . In: Mycologia . tape 106 , no. 3 , 2014, p. 464-480 , doi : 10.3852 / 13-052 .
- ↑ Editor: Rote Liste Zentrum: Detail page - Rote Liste. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
- ^ German Society for Mycology: The positive list of edible mushrooms. June 20, 2019, accessed August 2, 2020.
