Smooth-handled witch bolete
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Smooth-handled witch boletus ( Suillellus queletii ) |
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| ( Schulzer ) Vizzini , Simonini & Gelardi |
The Glattstielige witches Boletus ( suillellus queletii , Syn. : Boletus queletii ) is a rare type of fungus from the family of Dickröhrlingsverwandten (Boletaceae).
features
Macroscopic features
The hat of the straight-handled witch-tube is hemispherical to cushion-shaped; in old age it can also be a little flattened or depressed. The hat reaches a diameter of 5–15, sometimes 20 cm. The color ranges from brownish ruby red to brick, copper or dark carmine red. Near the edge it has slightly lighter tones that contain yellowish nuances. Occasionally this area can be spread over a large part of the hat. Old fruiting bodies often have no red tones on the top of the hat and show brownish tones. The surface is velvety, but becomes increasingly smooth (balding) with age and can be a bit slimy for a short period of time in damp weather.
The tubes are initially lemon yellow, then golden yellow and finally with a pale olive shade. They turn a strong blue on pressure. The pores are long tinted like the tubes. Later they turn orange-red starting from the stem until they mostly show all this color when ripe. They also turn blue on pressure.
The stem becomes 6–12, sometimes 15 cm long and 1.5–4 cm thick. When young, it is bulbous in shape, but quickly develops from a thick cylindrical to a club; often it is somewhat pointed at the base. The stem is colored light yellow in the upper part and turns into a wine to garnet red towards the bottom. The surface is not wetted, but it can appear finely powdered.
The flesh ( trama ) is tinged yellow and pales a little with age; it is wine-red at the base of the stem and yellow at the bottom of the tube. If injured, the yellow color changes immediately to a strong blue; in the base of the stem it turns wine-reddish in color. Often the redness extends over the entire stem. After several hours the blue color will fade to a washed out yellow. The taste of the meat is mild.
Microscopic features
The spores are 9–15 × 4.5–7 micrometers wide and spindle-shaped to long-elliptical in shape. The ratio of length to width (Q value) is about two and is therefore particularly low. The basidia , each carrying 4 spores, are club- shaped and measure 25–40 × 10–13 µm. The cystids are 35–55 µm long and have a bulbous, spindle-shaped or almost vesicular shape. The latter occurs mainly on the pores. They can be a little yellowish, more rarely, slightly reddish in color on the pores. Long, thin hyphae protrude from the top of the hat .
variability
The smooth stemmed witch bolete is quite variable in color. Several varieties and forms have been described for him. Commonly found are mainly var. Lateritius and var with brick brown hat. Rubicundus with crimson hat. Boletus discolor is said to be closely related , the systematic position of which has not yet been fully clarified.
Species delimitation
The straight-handled witch bolete can primarily be confused with other witch bolete , especially with the net-stemmed witch bolete ( Suillellus luridus ) and the flaky-stemmed witch bolete ( Neoboletus erythropus ). Their stems are not smooth, but covered by a raised red, elongated, coarse-meshed net or fine red flakes.
Ecology and phenology
The smooth-handled witch-tube prefers parks and similar biotopes, but can also be found in natural forests. First and foremost, it can be found in sedge-beech forests ; it occurs less frequently in woodruff beech forests and oak-hornbeam forests . The fungus grows on basic, dry to fresh soils with mostly loamy or clay components. He is very warmth loving. The smooth- stemmed witch boletus is a mycorrhizal fungus that lives in symbiosis only with deciduous trees. The common beech is preferred ; it can also be found under oak and linden trees . Apparently, beeches are the most common symbiotic partners within the forest areas and oaks outside of these and in parks linden trees.
The fruit bodies are mainly formed in the warm summer months. With suitable weather conditions, they can occur sporadically in Central Europe until October.
distribution
The smooth-stemmed witch bolete is common in the Holarctic from meridional to boreal . It can be found in North America in Vermont and in North Africa in Morocco. In Europe, the deposits are mainly in the south. To the north, the distribution extends to about southern Sweden. To the east, the fungus can be found at least as far as the Caucasus . Presumably, the spread extends further into the Far East or even as far as China. In Germany, the fungus is mainly found in Baden-Württemberg and Saarland. North of the 50th parallel there are only a few sites left.
Danger
The spread of the straight-handled witch boletus is decreasing, as it has a preference for alkaline subsoil in warm deciduous forests. Biotopes of this type are increasingly in decline , mainly due to increased coniferous forest afforestation and pollution . Since the fungus can also be found in parks, the threat is not quite as strong as, for example, with the king bolete ( Butyriboletus regius ) or the silver bolet ( Butyriboletus fechtneri ), which are even more picky about their ecological demands. Nevertheless, the smooth-handled witch-Röhrling is listed as a Red List 3 species (endangered) in Germany.
meaning
The mushroom is poisonous raw and cannot be eaten until it is well cooked.
swell
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
Individual proof
- ↑ Alfredo Vizzini: Index Fungorum no.188. September 9, 2014, accessed on January 20, 2014 .
- ↑ Detail page - Red List. In: Red List Center. Retrieved June 28, 2020 .
