Zinaida Yermolyeva

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Zinaida Wissarionowna Jermoljewa ( Russian Зинаида Виссарионовна Ермольева ; born October 12 . Jul / 24. October  1898 greg. In Frolovo , Oblast Woiska Donskogo, Russian Empire , died 2. December 1974 in Moscow ) was a Soviet microbiologist and bacteriologist . Their synthesis of penicillin in 1942/1943 was important.

Act

Yermoljewa took over the management of the Department of Microbial Biochemistry (later Institute of Experimental Medicine) at the Biochemical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1925 . There she began researching bacteriophages and naturally occurring antimicrobial agents, such as lysozyme in particular .

During the Second World War , Jermoljewa isolated the penicillin-producing strain Penicillium Crustosum (Пеницилл корочковый) in 1942 with her colleague Tamara I. Balezina (Тамара Иосифовна Балезина; 1913-2010 ). The active ingredient had been used in Soviet hospitals since 1943. At the same time, she made important discoveries in the prevention of cholera infection .

After the war, Yermoljewa founded the Institute for Biological Prophylaxis of Infections in 1947 . In the same year it was converted to the All Union Research Institute (Институт пенициллина - "Penicillin Institute" for short) and in 1952 to the All Union Research Institute for Antibiotics (ВНИИА). The following year Yermoljewa gave up the management and headed the Department of Microbiology of the Central Medical Institute for Postgraduates (ЦИУВ, 1966 ЦОЛИУВ) in Moscow until her death .

Yermoljewa's scientific interests included antibiotics, bacterial polysaccharides , interferons and the chemotherapy of infections. She is the author of several books and has written more than 500 scientific articles. In addition, Jermoljewa was the editor of the Soviet magazine "Antibiotiki", which she had founded herself.

Awards and reception

Memorial plaque in Frolowo

Yermolyeva received the highest honors, including two orders of Lenin , the Stalin Prize , the Badge of Honor of the Soviet Union , the Order of the Red Labor Banner and the medal "For heroic work in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945" . In Frolowo a street was named after her and a memorial plaque was attached to it.

Her person was a role model for the microbiologist Tania , Tatiana Vlassenkova in the three-volume work The Open Book (original title: "Открытая книга"), which her brother-in-law Weniamin A. Kawerin wrote between 1948 and 1956. The development novel was filmed in 1973 and 1977.

Trivia

For her 120th birthday Yermoljewa was honored with a Google Doodle .

Works

  • Kholera . Moscow 1942.
  • Penitsillin . 2nd edition, Moscow 1956.
  • Streptomitsin . Moscow 1956.
  • (Ed.) Antibiotiki, bacterialnye polisakharidy i interferon . Moscow 1968.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Google : Celebrating Zinaida Ermolyeva . (English, accessed May 15, 2019)
personal data
SURNAME Yermolyeva, Sinaida
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Yermoljewa, Sinaida Vissarionovna; Ермольева, Зинаида Виссарионовна (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Soviet Russian microbiologist and bacteriologist
DATE OF BIRTH October 24, 1898
PLACE OF BIRTH Frolowo , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH 2nd December 1974
Place of death Moscow