Sensory quality

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Colors such as red, yellow, green are to be seen as a type of optical sensation .

In contrast to the sensory modality , a subsystem of the various modal circles is referred to as sensory quality , e.g. B. the different color tones in optical perception or the different smells in olfactory perceptions. Instead of perceptions with the five classical senses (modal circles) it seems appropriate to speak of sensations with the sensory qualities . Both nervous sensory impulses are triggered by a specific stimulus , such as light in a certain wavelength range. However, there are often intersubjective fluctuations in perception. Wine connoisseurs are z. B. characterized by a remarkably subtle and complex taste sensations, which are not only based on the taste qualities sweet, sour, salty and bitter. Smell and taste are involved in eating and drinking. The perception of these stimuli is therefore not to be understood as uniform, even if there are comparable conditions for receptors , pathways and centers of the individual classic sensory services.

history

By Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz the term of "(1646-1716) petites perceptions " common. These are small, imperceptible sensations ( perceptions ). - The Scottish philosopher Thomas Reid (1710-1796) has in 1764 set up the doctrine that sensations with ideas and concrete experiences in dealing with the things associated are. This teaching corresponded to the empirical-scientific thinking that was emerging at the time and the attitude of science, which was oriented towards chemistry and calculus . It was basically an early learning theory . In contrast, Gestalt psychology has shown that sensations are not to be viewed as elements of perception. Rather, sensations go through a u. U. short-term development, which also includes simultaneous and recently preceding events in the sense of a current genesis . Since the beginning of the 19th century, there have been two opposing views that can also be described as nativism and empiricism .

Inconsistent processing methods

Some sensory centers work as integrators (such as eyesight ), some as analyzers for emotional qualities (such as the skin senses ). The skin has the greatest number of different receptors , which are possibly responsible for a corresponding number of sensory qualities. The skin senses also have separate nerve tracts for the different sensory qualities or for protopathic and epicritic sensitivity . In the somatosensory cortex , however, all the qualities of the skin's senses come together again. How the individual sensory qualities are distinguished from one another is questionable. There are also different theories for the integration of different color tones in the form of the perception of a mixture of light rays of different wavelengths, see also → Color perception .

Lower and higher sensory qualities

Sensory quality is usually understood to mean an isolated quality of sensation such as that of the colors red, yellow, green, etc. If one assumes the sense of touch as the “fifth sense” according to the classic classification, then the feelings also count towards this sense mode. Here the lower (protopathic) sensory qualities such as touch, temperature sense, pressure and pain are distinguished from the higher (epicritic) qualities. Feelings, such as feelings of state, have a special ego quality that cannot be described as a simple quality of sensation. This quality is also known as quale .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Sensory quality In: Markus Antonius Wirtz. (Ed.): Dorsch - Lexicon of Psychology . 16th edition, Verlag Hans Huber, Bern, 2013, ISBN 978-3-456-85234-8 ; on-line
  2. ↑ Sensory quality . In: Norbert Boss (Ed.): Roche Lexicon Medicine. 2nd Edition. Hoffmann-La Roche AG and Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-541-13191-8 , p. 1580, Gesundheit.de/roche
  3. ↑ Sensory qualities . In: Lexicon of Biology . Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Heidelberg 1999, Spektrum.de
  4. ↑ Wine connoisseur . In: Philip G. Zimbardo , Richard J. Gerrig: Psychology . Pearson, Hallbergmoos near Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-8273-7275-8 , pp. 135 f.
  5. ↑ Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz : New treatises on the human mind. (Original title: Nouveaux Essais sur l'entendement humain ). 1704. See the introduction.
  6. ↑ Petites perceptions . In: Georgi Schischkoff (Hrsg.): Philosophical dictionary. 21st edition. Alfred-Kröner, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-520-01321-5 , p. 524.
  7. ↑ Nativism versus empiricism . In: Peter R. Hofstätter (Ed.): Psychology. The Fischer Lexicon . Fischer-Taschenbuch, Frankfurt am Main 1972, ISBN 3-436-01159-2 , p. 348 f.
  8. ↑ Hermann Rein , Max Schneider : Introduction to Human Physiology. 15th edition. Springer, Berlin 1964, pp. 619 f., 648 ff.
  9. ^ Feelings of state In: Uwe Henrik Peters : Dictionary of psychiatry and medical psychology . 3rd edition, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich 1984; P. 628.
  10. ↑ Higher and lower sensory qualities In: Albrecht Langelüddeke : Judicial psychiatry . 2nd edition, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1959; P. 293.
  11. ↑ Low sensory qualities In: Eugen Bleuler : Textbook of Psychiatry . 15th edition, Springer, Berlin 1983; edited by Manfred Bleuler with the assistance of J. Angst et al., ISBN 3-540-11833-0 ; P. 65.