Philip Zimbardo

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Philip Zimbardo, 2009

Philip George Zimbardo (born March 23, 1933 in New York City ) is an American professor emeritus of psychology at Stanford University (USA). The psychologist, who received his doctorate from Yale University in 1959 , conducted one of the classic experiments in psychology with his study, which became known as the Stanford Prison Experiment in 1971 , which investigated the abuse of power and violent behavior of people in certain positions .

biography

Philip G. Zimbardo, son of Sicilian parents, grew up in the Bronx , New York City and attended Monroe High School with Stanley Milgram . He received his bachelor's degree from Brooklyn College and his master's and doctoral degrees from Yale University .

After teaching at New York University for several years , he took up a professorship in psychology at Stanford University in Palo Alto in 1968. There he carried out the famous Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE), which was later made into a film, in which 24 college students were randomly selected as prison guards or prisoners in a "prison" set up as a dummy in the basement of the psychology building in Stanford had been. The students there settled more and more into their roles, the "guards" became more and more sadistic and the prisoners became more and more passive and showed signs of extreme depression. The experiment was supposed to last two weeks, but on the initiative of Christina Maslach , his future wife, it was stopped after six days. It led to theories about the importance of the social environment in individual psychology, which are also supported by the Milgram experiment , Asch's conformity experiment , and Muzaffer Şerif's experiments .

As part of an analysis of the original recordings and tape recordings of the experiment, Thibault Le Texier found, among other things, that the test subjects who played the guards in the SPE had been asked directly by the test directors to behave in a way that conformed to the hypotheses and hard.

After the experiment, Zimbardo looked for ways in which he could use psychology to help people. He founded the Shyness Clinic in California , which treats shyness in children and adults. His research on the subject also resulted in several books.

In 2004 Zimbardo testified in court in the case of "Chip" Frederick, a guard at Abu Ghraib Prison. He argued that Frederick's sentence should be reduced because his experiment showed that few can withstand the atmosphere in a prison. As a system critic dealing with the influence of “toxic situations” on human behavior, Zimbardo responded angrily to the Bush administration's claim that “a few bad apples” were responsible for the scandal by saying, “Not the apples are lazy, but the field. ”The judge seemed to disagree, he sentenced Frederick to the maximum sentence. Zimbardo stated this in an interview in the New York Times and was discussed in Die Welt and Der Tagesspiegel , among others . His textbook Psychology and Life (German: Psychologie und Leben ) offers an overview of the field of psychology.

On the occasion of the opening of his book Man (Dis) connected in 2015 in London, he said that video games and porn films alienate young men from reality and damage their development. The shyness , social and linguistic awkwardness among men increased between 1970 and 2007 from 40 to 84 percent. This then manifests itself in better school performance by girls, more training and greater earning potential for women.

Since 1972 Zimbardo has been married to Christina Maslach, who also held a professorship in psychology.

Honors

Awards

Philip Zimbardo has been the recipient of the satirical Ig Nobel Prize since 2003 for his report Politicians' Uniquely Simple Personalities.

Fonts (selection)

  • Not so shy! This will help you out of your embarrassment. 8th edition. mvg-Verlag, Munich [u. a.] 1994, ISBN 3-478-02500-1 .
  • The Stanford Prison Experiment. A simulation study of the social psychology of imprisonment. 3rd edition, Santiago Verlag, Goch 2005, ISBN 3-9806468-1-5 .
  • with Richard J. Gerrig (German adaptation Ralf Graf): Psychology. 18th edition. Pearson Studies, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-8273-7275-8 .
  • The Lucifer Effect: How Good People Turn Evil. Rider, London 2007
  • The Lucifer Effect. The power of circumstances and the psychology of evil. Spectrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-1990-3
  • “I was a devil too” , review by Claudia Steinberg in Cicero , August 29, 2007
  • with John Boyd: The New Psychology of Time and How It Will Change Your Life. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Heidelberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-8274-2103-6 .
  • with Nikita D. Coulombe: Man (Dis) connected. Rider 2015, ISBN 978-1-8460-4484-7

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ^ Zimbardo: The Lucifer Effect. Pp. 262-296.
  2. ^ Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305: Tape E: 8612. Retrieved January 3, 2020 .
  3. ^ Zimbardo, Philip G .: Stanford Prison Experiment, audio transcript - tape E. Stanford University, accessed on January 1, 2020 : “You know we're trying to set up the stereotype guard, […] but so far your individual style has been a little too soft [...]. [Page 8]"
  4. ^ Thibault Le Texier: Debunking the Stanford Prison Experiment. In: American Psychologist . tape 74 , no. October 7 , 2019, ISSN  1935-990X , p. 823-839 , doi : 10.1037 / amp0000401 ( apa.org [accessed January 3, 2020]).
  5. ^ The Shyness Clinic and The Shyness Institute: The Shyness Homepage
  6. ^ Claudia Dreifus: A Conversation With Philip G. Zimbardo: Finding Hope in Knowing the Universal Capacity for Evil . In: The New York Times . April 3, 2007.
  7. ↑ Verena Friederike Hasel: Psychology: The experiment before Abu Ghraib . In: Der Tagesspiegel . July 24, 2008.
  8. ↑ Michael Hugentobler: On the disappearance of masculinity. Das Magazin , Tamedia Zurich June 6, 2015, pages 28–31
  9. ↑ Professor Emerita Christina Maslach recalls famous prison study, now a movie , psychology.berkeley.edu, accessed on April 11, 2016
  10. ↑ Nature . Vol. 385, February 1997, p. 493.
personal data
SURNAME Zimbardo, Philip
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Zimbardo, Philip George (full name); Zimbardo, Phil (nickname)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American psychologist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH March 23, 1933
PLACE OF BIRTH New York City