Scandinavian defense

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The basic position of the Scandinavian Defense after 1. e2 – e4 d7 – d5

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The Scandinavian Defense is an opening to the game of chess . It begins with moves 1. e2 – e4 d7 – d5 and is therefore one of the semi-open games . It is classified with the ECO key B01. The opening can be found at the grandmaster level as well as at the club player level. In tournament practice, after 1. e2 – e4, 1.… d7 – d5 are countered in around 3.5 percent of all games.

history

The Scandinavian defense was mentioned as early as the end of the 15th century (probably 1497) by Lucena and was introduced into tournament practice at a high level in 1858 by Adolf Anderssen in his competition against Paul Morphy . In 1934 she was the subject of the so-called Peruvian Immortal Game . For a long time it was considered to be incomplete, as its characteristic - the quick intervention of the lady - contradicts the classic opening strategy. In the 14th game of the 1995 PCA World Chess Championship between Garri Kasparow and Viswanathan Anand , the Indian completely surprisingly chose the Scandinavian Defense, achieved a good game as Black, but ultimately lost the game. In 1997, Matthias Wahls made an important contribution to penetrating and popularizing the opening with his monograph. In recent years the Scandinavian Defense has been played regularly at top international tournaments. In 2006, for example, Gata Kamsky and Sergey Tiviakov, two world-class grandmasters in the well-known Corus tournament in Wijk aan Zee, used this opening.

Characteristics and variants

The Scandinavian Defense leads to the exchange of the white e-pawn for the black d-pawn, whereby all other pawns usually remain on their lines. In this respect there is a structural similarity to the classical system of the Caro-Kann defense . Black develops his white-squared bishop and inhibits White's advance in the center by placing pawns on e6 and c6. White, on the other hand, tries to use his space advantage and the exposed position of the black queen.

2. Ng1 – f3 leads to the Tennison gambit . The main line begins with 2. e4xd5 Qd8xd5 3. Nb1 – c3 Qd5 – a5 . Following the natural moves 4. d2 – d4 Ng8 – f6 5. Bf1 – c4 5.… c7 – c6 6. Bc1 – d2 are called Kupreitschik variants. After another 6.… Bc8 – f5 7. Ng1 – f3 e7 – e6 8. Nc3 – d5 Q5 – d8 9. Nd5xf6 + Qd8xf6 Alexei Schirow found in Madrid 1997 against Valeri Borissowitsch Salow 10. Qd1 – e2! on the board. 5. Ng1 – f3 Bc8 – g4 6. Bc1 – f4 happened in the Peruvian Immortals .

You can also play 3.… Qd5 – d6, which was the subject of debate in 2005, for example, in the Grand Master's game between Christian Bauer and Francisco Vallejo Pons . 3.… Qd5 – d8 can also take place with similar ideas, with which Emir Dizdarević was successful against Alexei Schirow , who is to be judged more highly, at the 2004 Olympics.

After 2.… Ng8 – f6 the double-edged “Scandinavian Gambit” is introduced, which usually leads to sharp play when Black sacrifices a pawn, for example after 3. c2 – c4 e7 – e6 or after 3. d2 – d4 Bc8– g4 4. f2-f3. The pawn sacrifice 3.… c7 – c6, as it was practically offered in Huebner - Thomas Luther, 74th German Individual Championship, Saarbrücken 2002 , leads after the rejection 4. d2 – d4 c6xd5 to the Panow attack of the Caro-Kann defense. As in the game between Alexander Grishchuk and Wladimir Malachow , played in Lausanne in 2000, White can calmly continue with 3. Ng1 – f3. After 3.… Nf6xd5 4. d2 – d4 this should lead to the same calm waters as 3. d2 – d4 Nf6xd5 4. Ng1 – f3.

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