World Chess Championship 1995
| photo |
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| Garry Kasparov | Viswanathan Anand | |
| nation |
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| status | Defending champion world champion since 1985 |
challenger |
| Age | 32 years | 25 years |
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Elo rating (July 1995) |
2795 | 2725 |
The World Chess Championship 1995 was a duel between Garry Kasparov and Viswanathan Anand for the world championship title in chess . The World Championship, organized by the Professional Chess Association (PCA), was held from September 11 to October 10, 1995 on the 107th floor of the South Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City .
Garry Kasparov successfully defended his world title after 18 of the 20 scheduled games.
qualification
In the tradition of previous world championships, the PCA held a series of candidate competitions in 1994 to determine the challenger. Of the eight participants, seven were determined in 1993 in a qualifying tournament based on the Swiss system in Groningen . Eighth place went to Nigel Short , the loser of the 1993 World Chess Championship . The quarter-finals lasted a maximum of 8 games, the semi-finals 10 and the final 12 games. In the event of a tie, further quick games decided .
| Quarter finals | Semifinals | final | |||||||||||
 Viswanathan Anand
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 Oleh Romanyschyn
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| Viswanathan Anand
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 Michael Adams
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| Michael Adams
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 Sergey Tiviakov
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| Viswanathan Anand
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 Gata Kamsky
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| Gata Kamsky
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| Vladimir Kramnik
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| Gata Kamsky
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| Nigel Short
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| Nigel Short
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| Boris Gulko
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5½ | ||||||||||||
Course of the candidate matches
- Quarterfinals Tiviakov - Adams, June 1994 in New York in Trump Tower
1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11 12 13 14th Points Sergey Tiviakov
0 0 1 1 ½ 0 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 6½ 
Michael Adams
1 1 0 0 ½ 1 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 7½
- Quarterfinals Kamsky - Kramnik, June 1994 in New York in Trump Tower
1 2 3 4th 5 6th Points Gata Kamsky
1 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 4½ Vladimir Kramnik
0 0 ½ ½ ½ 0 1½
- Quarterfinals Romansh - Anand, June 1994 in New York at Trump Tower
1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th Points Oleh Romanyschyn
½ 0 0 ½ ½ ½ 0 2 Viswanathan Anand
½ 1 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 5
- Quarterfinal Short - Gulko, June 1994 in New York at Trump Tower
1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11 12 Points Nigel Short
½ 0 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ 6½ Boris Gulko
½ 1 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ 7½
- Semifinals Anand - Adams, September 1994 in Linares
1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th Points Viswanathan Anand
1 1 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ 5½ Michael Adams
0 0 0 ½ 0 ½ ½ 1½
- Semi-finals Kamsky - Short, September 1994 in Linares
1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th Points Gata Kamsky
1 1 1 0 1 1 ½ 5½ Nigel Short
0 0 0 1 0 0 ½ 1½
- Candidate finals Anand - Kamsky, March 1995 in Las Palmas
1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11 Points Viswanathan Anand
0 ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 6½ Gata Kamsky
1 ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ 0 4½
organization
The competition was scheduled for a maximum of 20 games. The players were two hours for 40 moves, another hour for 20 moves and a half more hours for the rest of the game in your mind are available, and the only partly used to think did not fall during the game. There were no suspended matches or adjournments.
The main judge was Carol Jarecki.
As a prize fund of 1.5 million were US dollars agreed, of which one million to the winner and half a million went to the losers. Ten percent of this went to the PCA. In the event of a tie, the fund should be split, but Kasparov should keep the title.
Interested parties could watch live for 15 US dollars. Contrary to the planning, the separation of the players turned out to be not completely acoustically impermeable , as a result of which the opponents were exposed to spectator noises.
course
Anand had prepared with Artur Jussupow , Elizbar Ubilava , Jonathan Speelman and Patrick Wolff . Kasparov relied on Yuri Dochojan , Evgeny Pigusov and Vladimir Kramnik as helpers.
At the beginning of the World Chess Championship, New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani opened for Anand with 1. c4, but Anand corrected the move to 1. e4.
After eight draws , Anand won the ninth game. In the tenth game, Anand ran into a prepared opening line and lost. Kasparov also won the eleventh game through a combination with deduction chess . In the twelfth game, Kasparov also had an advantage, but Anand equalized with an intermediate move. The thirteenth game went to Kasparov again. In the fourteenth game, the Scandinavian Defense was used for the first time in a World Cup . After a rejected knight sacrifice by Kasparov and mutual time constraints , Kasparov also won this game, which was later viewed by Anand as a critical moment. There were four more mostly short draws until Kasparov was unassailable in the lead.
1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11 12 13 14th 15th 16 17th 18th Victories Points Garry Kasparov ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 1 1 ½ 1 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 4th 10.5 Viswanathan Anand ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 7.5
Lots
9th game
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- Anand – Kasparov 1-0
- New York, September 25, 1995
- Sicilian Defense ( Scheveningen variant ), B84
- 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 a6 6. Be2 e6 7. 0–0 Be7 8. a4 Nc6 9. Be3 0–0 10. f4 Qc7 11. Kh1 Re8 12. Bf3 Bd7 13. Nb3 Sa5 14. Nxa5 Qxa5 15. Qd3 Rad8 16.Rfd1 Bc6 17. b4 !! (17.… Qxb4 18. Tab1 a) 18.… Qa5 19. Bb6; b) 18.… Qa3 19. Rb3 each with a queen win ...) Qc7 18. b5 Bd7 19. Tab1 axb5 20. Nxb5 Bxb5 21. Qxb5 Ta8 22.c4 e5 23.Bb6 Qc8 24. fxe5 dxe5 25. a5 Bf8 26 .h3 De6 27.Rd5 Nxd5 28. exd5 Qg6 29. c5 e4 30. Be2 Re5 31. Qd7 Rg5 32. Rg1 e3 33. d6 Rg3 34. Qxb7 De6 35. Kh2 1: 0
10th game
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- Kasparov – Anand 1-0
- New York, September 26, 1995
- Spanish Match ( Open Defense ), C80
- 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. 0–0 Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. Nbd2 Nc5 10. c3 d4 11. Ng5 dxc3 12. Nxe6 fxe6 13.bxc3 Qd3 14.Bc2 Qxc3 15.Nb3 Nxb3 16.Bxb3 Nd4 17.Qg4 Qxa1 18.Bxe6 Rd8 19.Bh6 Qc3 20.Bxg7 Qd3 21.Bxh8 Qg6 22.Bf6 Be7 23.Bxe7 Qxg4 24.Lxg4 Kxe7 25. Rc1 c6 26. f4 a5 27. Kf2 a4 28. Ke3 b4 29. Bd1 a3 30. g4 Rd5 31. Rc4 c5 32. Ke4 Rd8 33. Rxc5 Ne6 34. Rd5 Rc8 35. f5 Rc4 + 36. Ke3 Nc5 37. g5 Rc1 38. Rd6 1-0
11th game
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- Anand – Kasparov 0-1
- New York, September 28, 1995
- Sicilian Defense ( Dragon Variation ), B78
- 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 g6 6. Be3 Bg7 7. f3 0–0 8. Dd2 Nc6 9. Bc4 Bd7 10. 0–0–0 Ne5 11. Bb3 Rc8 12.h4 h5 13. Kb1 Nc4 14. Bxc4 Rxc4 15. Nde2 b5 16. Bh6 Qa5 17. Bxg7 Kxg7 18.Nf4 Rfc8 19.Ncd5 Qxd2 20.Rxd2 Nxd5 21.Nxd5 Kf8 22. Re1 Rb8 23. b3 Rc5 24. Nf4 Rbc8 25. Kb2 a5 26. a3 Kg7 27. Nd5 Be6 28. b4 axb4 29. axb4 Rc4 30. Nb6 Rxb4 + 31. Ka3 Rxc2 0: 1
13th game
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- Anand – Kasparov 0-1
- New York, October 2, 1995
- Sicilian Defense (Dragon Variation), B77
- 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 g6 6. Be3 Bg7 7. Qd2 Sc6 8. f3 0–0 9. Bc4 Bd7 10. h4 h5 11. Bb3 Rc8 12. Nxc6 bxc6 13. Bh6 c5 14. Bc4 Qb6 15. Bxg7 Kxg7 16. b3 Be6 17. Nd5 Bxd5 18. exd5 e5 19. dxe6 d5 20. Be2 c4 21. c3 Rce8 22. bxc4 Rxe6 23. Kf1 Rfe8 24. Bd3 dxc4 25. Bxc4 Ne4 0: 1
14th game
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- Kasparov – Anand 1-0
- New York, October 3, 1995
- Scandinavian Defense , B01
- 1. e4 d5 2. exd5 Qxd5 3. Nc3 Da5 4. d4 Nf6 5. Nf3 c6 6. Ne5 Be6 7. Bd3 Nbd7 8. f4 g6 9. 0–0 Bg7 10. Kh1 Bf5 11. Bc4 e6 12. Be2 h5 13. Be3 Rd8 14. Bg1 0–0 15. Bf3 Nd5 16. Nxd5 exd5 17. Bf2 Qc7 18. Rc1 f6 19. Nd3 Rfe8 20. b3 Nb6 21. a4 Sc8 22. c4 Qf7 23. a5 Bf8 24. cxd5 cxd5 25.Bh4 Nd6 26.a6 b6 27.Ne5 De6 28.g4 hxg4 29.Nxg4 Bg7 30.Rc7 Ne4 31.Ne3 Bh3 32.Rg1 g5 33.Bg4 Bxg4 34.Qxg4 Qxg4 35.Rxg4 Nd6 36. Bf2 Nb5 37. Rb7 Re4 38. f5 Rxg4 39.Nxg4 Rc8 40.Rd7 Rc2 41.Rxd5 1: 0
consequences
The Professional Chess Association disbanded a year after the New York World Cup fight due to the loss of its main sponsor, Intel . The short-lived World Chess Council , founded two years later as its successor, did not succeed in organizing a world championship in 1998 as planned. Garry Kasparov finally lost his world title to Vladimir Kramnik in 2000 . He retired from professional chess on March 10, 2005, still considered one of the world's best players, and became a Russian politician. One year after the reunification of the world chess title, Anand became world champion in 2007 and defended the title in 2008 against Vladimir Kramnik, in 2010 against Wesselin Topalow and in 2012 against Boris Gelfand .
swell
literature
- Patrick Wolff : Kasparov Versus Anand: The Inside Story of the 1995 Chess Championship Match. ISBN 978-1-888281-03-3 .