Solanum acaule
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Solanum acaule is a plant type from the section Petota in the genus of Solanaceae ( Solanum ).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Solanum acaule is a 0.1 to 0.3 meter high plant that grows rosette-shaped to upright. The stems have a diameter of 2 to 4 millimeters at the base, are colored green or sometimes mottled purple or green and purple. They are not winged and are almost hairless or weakly covered with short multicellular trichomes . The tubers are usually located individually at the ends of the stolons .
The sympodial units have three to many leaves , but these are never in pairs. The leaves are pinnate odd numbers, the leaf blades are 9 to 24.5 inches long and 2.2 to 6 inches wide. They are green in color, membranous to paper-like and have hairiness similar to that of the stems. The lateral partial leaves are in four to six pairs and are almost the same size, only the first or the first two pairs are significantly smaller or even unevenly shaped compared to the most distant partial leaves. The uppermost lateral partial leaves are 1.6 to 4.4 inches long and 0.8 to 2.4 inches wide, broadly ovate to broadly elliptical. Forward they are blunt, at the base usually oblique to wedge-shaped, sessile and broadly descending on the leaf axis or stalked with 2 millimeter long stalks. The front partial leaf is 2.4 to 7 inches long and 1.3 to 4.2 inches long, circular or broadly inverted ovate. The tip is rounded to blunt, the base is cut off to wedge-shaped. Between the partial leaves there can be 0 to 7 inserted partial leaves, which are sessile or with up to 5 mm long stalks with short stalks and ovoid to circular. The leaf stalks are 2.2 to 6.5 inches long and hairy like the stems. The pseudo stipules are not pronounced or only fine and scale-like up to 1 millimeter long and also hairy similar to the stem.
The chromosome number is 2n = 4x = 48 or 36.
Inflorescences and flowers
The flowering and fruiting time usually extends from December to April. The inflorescences are monochasia , which form an additional flower at the base, more rarely in the front half of the inflorescence. They reach a length of 3 to 7 cm, are unbranched and consist of one to four flowers . All flowers seem to be fully bisexual. The inflorescence axes are hairy similar to the stem. The peduncle is strongly contracted and only 1 to 4 mm long. The flower stalks are 13 to 35 millimeters long on both the flowers and the fruits and are 1 to 10 millimeters apart.
The five-fold flowers are of the same shape. The calyx is 3 to 5 millimeters long, of which the calyx tube has a length of 1 to 2 millimeters, the calyx lobes are 1 to 4 millimeters long, pointed to pointed and hairy like the stem. The crown has a diameter of 1.4 to 2.5 centimeters, is wheel-shaped and blue or, more rarely, white or blue with white stripes on both sides. The corolla tube is 1 to 2 mm long, the tips of the petals are 0 to 1 millimeter long. At the edges, the crown is flat, not curved back and especially ciliate at the tips of the petals. The underside is hairless, the upper side is finely haired, especially along the axes of the petals.
The stamens consist of a 1 to 2 millimeter long stamen and 2 to 3 mm long anthers. The anthers are lanceolate in shape, yellow in color and inclined inward. They open through pores at the tips that enlarge into slits with age. The ovary is smooth, the stylus is straight, hairless, 3.5 millimeters long and measures about 1 mm in diameter and is about 1 millimeter beyond the stamens. The scar is club-shaped to head-shaped.
Fruits and seeds
The fruits are spherical to slightly egg-shaped berries with a width of 1 to 2 centimeters and a length of 1 to 2.2 centimeters. They are green to green and mottled purple and hairless at maturity. The seeds are egg-shaped and about 2 mm long. They are initially whitish to greenish and turn brownish as they dry. They are densely covered with hair-like outgrowths from the outer seminal wall cells so that the seeds become slimy when moist. If the lateral cell walls are removed by digestive enzymes, the permanent parts of the seminal wall cells are honeycombed.
Occurrence and locations
Solanum acaule is widespread and often found in higher areas from the department of Cajamarca in northern Peru through Bolivia to northern Argentina ( province of San Juan ). A collection is also known from northern Chile (in the Antofagasta region). The plants grow on dry, rocky slopes, in the high puna between herbs and prickly shrubs and low wood, along river courses, dry river beds and in alluvial cones . They occur at altitudes between (rarely 2000) 2400 to 4700 meters.
Systematics
Solanum acaule is classified within the genus of nightshade ( Solanum ) in the Petota section . Within this section, the species is placed in a diversified clade near the cultivated potato ( Solanum tuberosum ).
literature
- DM Spooner: Solanum acaule . In: PBI Solanum: A worldwide treatment , online, accessed December 28, 2011.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Solanum acaule at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis