Solanum bulbocastanum
| Solanum bulbocastanum | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Solanum bulbocastanum | ||||||||||||
| Dunal |
Solanum bulbocastanum is a plant style of the genus Solanum ( Solanum ).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Solanum bulbocastanum is an herbaceous , perennial plant that can grow up to 1 meter tall. The stems reach a diameter of 3 to 6 millimeters at the base of the plant. The plant forms tubers underground . A sympodial unit typically contains three to six leaves . These have sickle-shaped pseudo-secondary leaves with a length of 4 to 16 millimeters. The leaf blade is oddly pinnate, 2 to 17 inches long and 0.9 to 7.2 inches wide. The leaf margin is whole or often curved. The shape of the leaf blade is broadly ovate or lanceolate to linear-lanceolate. Towards the front, the leaf ends pointed to blunt, the base is rounded, wedge-shaped or descending on the petiole . This can reach a length between 0.8 and 7 centimeters. Both leaf sides are densely hairy.
Inflorescences and flowers
The inflorescences are mostly located in the upper part of the plant. They are dichasially branched cymes without bracts with one or two secondary axes, they contain between 5 and 35 flowers , all of which are fully developed. The peduncle is 0.3 to 4.5 inches long. The flower stalks reach a length of 3 to 17 millimeters and are angled between the lower and upper quarter.
The calyx is between 3 and 8.5 millimeters long and has elongated, pointed tips up to 1 millimeter long. The crown is star-shaped, creamy white to light yellow in color and measures 1.3 to 2.1 centimeters in diameter. Corolla lobes are absent, the edges of the crown are flat and not curved outwards. The anthers are 3 to 3.5 millimeters long, yellow in color and wedge-shaped. They open through pores at the tips, which often lengthen into a short, inward-facing slit. The stamens are 1 to 4 millimeters long. The ovary carries a stylus up to 9 millimeters long, not bent , which is about 1.5 to 3 millimeters above the anthers. The scar is spherical.
Fruits and seeds
The fruits are spherical berries with a diameter of 1 to 1.3 centimeters and a light green color. They contain seeds that are egg-shaped, about 2 millimeters long and, when taken from just ripe fruits, are green-white in color. The cell walls of the outer cells of the seed coat are elongated like hairs, so that they appear to be covered with a thick layer of trichomes. If this layer becomes damp, it becomes jelly-like. If these hair-like growths are removed by enzymes, a honeycomb-like structure can be seen at the base of the cells of the seed coat.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Distribution, locations and ecology
The species is distributed from Durango and Nayarit in northwestern Mexico to Honduras . It grows there at heights of 1200 to 2300 meters between grasses and cacti , in tropical deciduous forests, in bushes and oak or pine forests, often on flat or dry stony soils, between piles of stones or along fences, rails and occasionally on agricultural land. The flowering and fruiting time extends from July to November.
Systematics
Solanum bulbocastanum is classified in the potato clade of the genus Solanum . Phylogenetic similarities in cpDNA and AFLP data led to the naming of a Bulbocastana group to which the species Solanum cardiophyllum is still assigned. The only morphological similarities between the two species are the light yellow flowers, which are not known in any other related species from North and Central America.
Botanical history
The species was first described by Michel Félix Dunal in 1814 . The description was based on a watercolor drawing made during the New Spain expeditions by Martín Sessé y Lacasta and José Mariano Mociño between 1787 and 1803 and later copied by Node-Verán. The drawings were thought to be lost until 1980, but were then found in a private library in Barcelona and bought by the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation in Pittsburg. A corresponding herbarium evidence is not known.
literature
- DM Spooner: Solanum bulbocastanum , description in Solanaceae Source: A global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family , 2004. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Solanum bulbocastanum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis