Solanum falciforme
| Solanum falciforme | ||||||||||||
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Isotype of Solanum falciforme |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Solanum falciforme | ||||||||||||
| Farruggia |
Solanum falciforme is a species ofthe nightshade family (Solanaceae). It was first described in 2010 and is native to Brazil.
description
Solanum falciforme grows as a shrub or small tree that can reach heights of 1 to 4 meters and diameters of 2 to 5 centimeters at chest height . The trunk is covered with strong and pointed spines with a broad base. The smooth to slightly roughened bark is gray-brown to reddish black-brown in color. Flower-bearing branches are very densely covered with light brown, branched-star-shaped and multi-row trichomes . The rows seven to ten or more are moderately to densely covered with sickle-like, star-shaped trichomes which are 4 to 6.2 millimeters long.
The sympodial units contain two leaves arranged in pairs . The simple leaves are between 19 and 25 inches long and between 7 and 17 or more inches wide. The leathery leaf blade is lanceolate in shape. Their base is beveled or heart-shaped, the tip tapering or blunt, and their leaf margins are entire or wavy. The light green upper side of the leaves is very densely covered with star-shaped trichomes, which almost completely disappear with increasing age. The trichomes are 0.1 to 0.3 millimeters long. There are also short, simple trichomes on the top of the leaf. The light green underside of the leaf is very densely covered with star-shaped, light brown to golden trichomes, which are 0.2 to 0.4 millimeters long. From the leaf axis go from five to six pairs of secondary leaf veins , which are reinforced with a few curved thorns with a broad base. They are also hairy with sickle-like, star-shaped trichomes. The petiole becomes 1 to 5 centimeters long and is densely covered with trichomes.
The inflorescences are 3 to 9.5 inches long and are unbranched. Each of the inflorescences consists of 8 to 15 flowers. The species is Andromonözisch and one or a few hermaphrodite flowers can be found at the base of the inflorescence. The inflorescence is densely hairy with star-shaped trichomes, which resemble those of the trunk and can be reinforced. The flower stalk becomes 2 to 8 inches long. It is bent like a joint at the base. The flower stalks are 4 to 10 millimeters long and 1 to 4 millimeters apart.
Flowering specimens were collected throughout the year, and fruiting specimens were collected in January, March, June, and July. The flowers are five-fold. The goblet is up to 2.5 centimeters long, with the first 2 to 3 millimeters shaped like a tube. It is covered with about 20 millimeters long and around 2 millimeters wide, tapering lobes. The calyx underside, which is densely hairy with sickle-like, star-shaped trichomes, can be reinforced. The purple to blue crown measures 3.5 to 4.5 inches in diameter and 1.6 to 2.3 inches in length, has a 6 to 8.2 millimeter long tube, and is star-shaped up to more than half the way lobed to the base. The petals are paper-like. The triangular corolla lobes are 1.6 to 1.9 inches long and 0.35 to 0.4 inches wide and their underside is moderately hairy with branched or star-shaped trichomes. The top of the corolla lobes is densely covered with star-shaped and sickle-shaped, star-shaped trichomes. The hairless stamens are fused into a tube up to 0.1 millimeter long, and the free-standing part is between 1.5 and 1.8 millimeters long. The yellow anthers are about 13 millimeters long and 2.8 millimeters wide. They open through pores at the tips, which enlarge into slits with age. The ovary is densely hairy with star-shaped trichomes. The stylus of male flowers is formed only rudimentary. The cylindrical style of hermaphrodite flowers is 14 to 15 millimeters long and 0.2 to 0.5 millimeters wide, curved at the tip and hairless or sparsely hairy in the lower half with star-shaped trichomes. The head-shaped scar is bilobed.
As fruits are ripe, green colored berries are likely to be formed, which are spherical in a diameter of 5 to 7.5 centimeters. They are powdery hairy with star-shaped trichomes. Nothing is known about the seeds.
distribution and habitat
The natural range of Solanum falciforme is in Brazil . It includes the states of Bahia , Goiás and Minas Gerais as well as the federal district Distrito Federal do Brasil . The species thrives there at altitudes of 380 to 1300 meters. It grows in the cerrados and along paths.
Systematics
It was first described as Solanum falciforme in 2010 by Frank T. Farruggia in PhytoKeys number 1, page 68. The specific epithet falciforme is derived from the Latin word falcatus , and indicates the sickle-like trichomes typical of this species.
swell
- Frank T. Farruggia, Lynn Bohs: Two new South American species of Solanum section Crinitum (Solanaceae) . In: PhytoKeys . No. 1 , 2010, ISSN 1314-2003 , p. 68-73 , doi : 10.3897 / phytokeys.1.661 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Frank T. Farruggia, Lynn Bohs: Two new South American species of Solanum section Crinitum (Solanaceae) . In: PhytoKeys . No. 1 , 2010, ISSN 1314-2003 , p. 68-73 , doi : 10.3897 / phytokeys.1.661 .
- ↑ Solanum falciforme. In: The International Plant Names Index. www.ipni.org, accessed March 3, 2013 (English).
