Summer boletus
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Summer boletus ( Boletus reticulatus ) |
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The summer or oak boletus ( Boletus reticulatus , syn. B. aestivalis ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the thick boletus relatives . It is one of the edible mushrooms and can be found as early as May.
features
The summer boletus forms relatively large fruiting bodies, divided into hat and stem, with hemispherical to cushion-shaped, 6 to 20 centimeters, in exceptional cases up to 25 centimeters wide and 6 to 18 centimeters long and 2 to 6 centimeters thick, bulbous, club-shaped or cylindrical Stems. The surface of the hat is finely felted and fibrous, the color varies in different light brown tones, the fibers on the edge are often a little darker. When it is dry, the hat often tears open like fields. The stem is light hazel or leather brown and covered with a raised light whitish to brown (dark brown with age) mesh almost to the base. The tubes are whitish when young, later turning from creamy-yellow to green-yellow. The pores correspond in color to the tubes, they are small and rounded. The meat is white, even under the hat skin, tastes mild and has no particular smell.
ecology
Like all large boletus, the summer boletus is a mycorrhizal fungus that only lives with deciduous trees in Central Europe, especially beeches and oaks . Accordingly, it occurs in beech, beech-fir and oak-hornbeam forests, but can also be found in park-like biotopes. The species makes no special demands on the pH value of the soil, it is found on basic, neutral and acidic soils that are fresh to moderately dry and loamy, it occurs less often on sandy soils. The fruiting bodies appear very early in the year (from May / June), but can be found in warmer areas until October.
distribution
The summer boletus is a European species, but is also believed to have been found in Australia. To the north it occurs to central Sweden and central Finland, to the east it was found to Katowice in Poland.
Species delimitation
The summer boletus can be confused with other boletus.
The common boletus ( Boletus edulis ) can look very similar. It has a greasy, shiny, usually darker hat, often with a light rim and a more indistinct, even with age lighter, net markings on the stem that does not reach down to the base of the stem.
Older specimens with a dark stem net in particular can be confused with the bile bolet ( Tylopilus felleus ), which is inedible due to its bitterness . This has more pores with age, which turn pink (and never yellow) due to the spore powder and swell out from under the hat. The gall bolus is also usually not quite as thick-fleshed.
The rare black-capped boletus ( Boletus aereus ) grows in similar locations, but has a dark black-brown cap and a more indistinct stalk net.
meaning
The summer boletus is a popular edible mushroom . Like all members of the Boletus genus , it is protected in Germany and may only be collected in small quantities for personal use.
Origin of name
Two names are used for the summer boletus: the above-mentioned B. aestivalis and B. reticulatus . The epithet aestivalis indicates the growth time of the fruiting body in summer, the species name reticulatus refers to the network drawing of the stem.
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
