Common gall bladder

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Common gall bladder
2006-09-14 Tylopilus felleus crop.jpg

Common bile boletus ( Tylopilus felleus )

Systematics
Order : Boletales (Boletales)
Subordination : Boletineae
Family : Boletaceae (Boletaceae)
Subfamily : Boletoideae
Genre : Bile tubers ( Tylopilus )
Type : Common gall bladder
Scientific name
Tylopilus felleus
( Bull  .: Fr. ) P. Karst.

The common bile boletus ( Tylopilus felleus ) is a type of mushroom from the family of thick bolete relatives . It is also called bitterling due to its extremely bitter taste and is therefore not considered an edible mushroom .

The scientific name is derived from gr. Tylo = pillow and lat. Pilus = cap as well as lat. Felleus = "bilious, gall bitter" and means "bilious bitter pillow cap" in German. The common gall bladder is the only species of its genus in Central Europe.

Some mycologists sometimes consider the only species of the genus porphyry bolete , the gloomy bolete ( Porphyrellus porphyrosporus ), under the synonym Tylopilus porphyrosporus, among the bile boletus.

features

The brown stem net is typical of the common bile boletus.
Cross section of the hat: The young white tubes of the common bile tubule later turn dirty pink.
The spores of the common bile tube under the light microscope

The common bile boletus has most of the characteristics of the thick bolete , apart from the whitish tubes that turn pink with age, the broad and brown stalk net and the bitter taste of the meat. Mild specimens are sometimes delimited as the variety alutarius .

Species delimitation

The common bile boletus is the classic doppelganger of the common boletus ( Boletus edulis ) - especially young specimens can look deceptively similar. However, it has a dark net markings on the mostly ocher-yellowish stem, while the boletus has a white stem net, especially at the upper end of the stem. In addition, the tubes of the bile tubule turn dirty pink with age, while those of the boletus turn olive. The meat of the bile boletus also tastes bitter, while that of the boletus is mild.

Ecology and phenology

The gall bile is common in the temperate zone, mycorrhizal partner of conifers and prefers clearly acidic, nutrient-poor soils ( swamps , moors , heaths ). The bile boletus is also found in deciduous forests, now and then also on and on rotten tree stumps. The gallbladder grows from early summer to autumn , especially in coniferous forests on acidic soils , often together with the boletus .

At low temperatures it stops growing; so his "season" usually ended at the end of September.

meaning

The bile boletus is inedible due to its bitter taste, but non-toxic. However, if you are sensitive, stomach and intestinal problems cannot be excluded. A single mushroom can completely spoil a meal because of its bitterness. However, there are increasing reports of mild and edible varieties of the bile tubule. Tylopilus felleus var.  Alutarius also has a weaker networked stem.

swell

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
  2. ↑ Andreas Gminder, Tanja Böhning: Which mushroom is that? Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 3-440-10797-3 .
  3. ↑ Till R. Lohmeyer, Ute Künkele: mushrooms. Determine and collect . Parragon Books, 2016, ISBN 978-1-4748-6568-5 .

Web links

Commons : Common Gallbladder ( Tylopilus felleus )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Gallenröhrling  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations