Soprintendenza

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A Soprintendenza , also Sovrintendenza as well as Sopraintendenza and Sovraintendenza , often scientifically Germanized to Soprintendenz , is a supervisory authority of the Ministry of Cultural Goods and Activities in Italy . The protection and upgrading of the cultural and landscape assets of Italy fall within the competence of the soprint tendencies. They are therefore organs of monument preservation. A distinction is made between two types of Soprintendenzen, to which different areas of responsibility are assigned: the Soprintendenzen per l'archeologia, le belle arti ed il paesaggio ("for archeology, the fine arts and the landscape") and the Soprintendenzen for the archives and libraries (Soprintendenza archivistica e bibliografica) , which are subordinate to the General Directorate of Archives and, for example, oversee the 101 state archives (Archivi di Stato) .

Basics and tasks

The currently valid basis for the work of the soprint tendencies is the decree 171 of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers of August 29, 2014 and the ministerial decree of January 23, 2016. Many of the authorities' competencies are contained in Ordinance 42 of January 22, 2004 in the “Code of Cultural Property and Landscape “ (Codice dei beni culturali e del paesaggio) and were established during the second Berlusconi government .

The individual soprint tendencies are responsible, among other things, for standardizing and updating the lists of monuments in their area of ​​responsibility. Any work on cultural assets for which they are responsible requires their approval. To carry out archaeological investigations and excavations, they can temporarily place properties under their supervision, and they also manage the goods left to them. If a public cultural interest is to be determined, they direct the test and suggest how to conduct it. In this context, they can also suggest exercising the right of first refusal to the relevant central management. In principle, they monitor restoration work, all types of relocations and transfers as well as exports.

A soprintendent is led by a soprintendent, who is determined after a public tender. He is responsible for the decisions and work carried out by Soprintendenz. Depending on the size and scope of the area to be managed, he is supported by a staff that is tailored to the needs of the Soprintendenz. The number of soprint tendencies per region fluctuates between one - for example in Basilicata and Molise - and five - for example in Lazio and Tuscany . The soprint tendencies of the autonomous provinces of Trento and Bolzano - South Tyrol as well as the autonomous regions of Aosta Valley and Sicily are not directly subordinate to the ministry, but to the respective autonomous administration, which is responsible for the protection of cultural goods. However, this does not apply to the export of cultural goods if the destination country is not a member of the European Union ; in these cases the Italian state and higher authorities are responsible. In addition, there are Soprintendenze speciali , which manage special units for the preservation of monuments, such as the Soprintendenza Speciale archeologia, belle arti e paesaggio di Roma , the Soprintendenza Speciale per il patrimonio storico, artistico ed etnoantropologico e per il polo museale della città di Firintendenza or the Soprintza Speciale per le aree colpite dal sisma for the consequences of the earthquake in central Italy in 2016 .

history

Even before the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy as a modern nation-state in 1861, there were various institutions for the protection of cultural heritage during the Risorgimento . In 1875 these institutions were organized under the Ministero della pubblica istruzione first as the "Central Directorate of the Excavations and Museums of the Kingdom" (Direzione centrale degli scavi e dei musei del Regno) , then in 1881 under the name "General Directorate for Antiquities and Fine Arts" (Direzione generale per le antichità e belle arti) . They were transformed into territorially oriented supervisory authorities in 1907 and expanded in 1923 to include the soprint tendencies for medieval and modern art (soprintendenze dell'arte medioevale e moderna) . In 1939 the organizational structure of the authority was streamlined and standardized, while its responsibility for the protection of cultural assets and landscapes was regulated on a legal basis. Nevertheless, different competencies fell into the area of ​​responsibility of different ministries on the one hand, and the Presidency of the Council of Ministers on the other, until in 1974, under the fourth government of Aldo Moro, the Ministry of Cultural Property and Activities was established as the sole responsible ministry.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Decreto del Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri 29 agosto 2014, n.171 on the website of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers (PDF, accessed October 2, 2019).
  2. ↑ Ministerial decree of January 23, 2016 on the website of the Ministero per i beni e le attività culturali (PDF, accessed on October 2, 2019)
  3. ↑ Decreto Legislativo 22 gennaio 2004, n.42 on the website of the Ministero per i beni e le attività culturali (PDF, accessed on October 2, 2019)
  4. ↑ Law No. 386 of June 27, 1907 on the website of the Ministero per i beni e le attività culturali (PDF, accessed on October 2, 2019).
  5. ↑ Law No. 823 of May 22, 1939 on the website of the Ministero per i beni e le attività culturali (PDF, accessed on October 2, 2019).
  6. ↑ Law No. 1089 of June 1, 1939 on the website of the Ministero per i beni e le attività culturali (PDF, accessed on October 2, 2019).