Series of earthquakes in central Italy since 2016

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Main earthquake on August 24, 2016
Series of earthquakes in central Italy since 2016 (Italy)
Bullseye1.svg
Coordinates 42 ° 42 ′ 50 ″  N , 13 ° 10 ′ 19 ″  E
date August 24, 2016
Time 01:36:33 UTC (03:36:33 CEST)
intensity IX  on the MM scale
Magnitude 6.2  M W
depth 4 km
epicenter 10 km SE of Macerata ( MC )
country ItalyItaly Italy
dead 299


The series of earthquakes in central Italy since 2016 is a series of earthquakes in Italy that began on August 24, 2016 and is still ongoing. Strong main earthquakes on August 24, 2016, October 26, 2016 and October 30, 2016 caused severe damage in numerous communities from the Monti Sibillini to the Monti della Laga in the border area of ​​the regions of Lazio , Umbria and the Marche .

The first major tremor occurred on August 24, 2016 at 03:36 a.m. local time ( CEST ) (01:36 UTC , CEST will be used from October 30, 2016 CET ). It reached a strength between 6.0 MW and 6.2 MW on the moment magnitude scale . The center was in the municipality of Accumoli . A second quake of the strength 5.3 M W occurred at 04:33 with its epicenter in the neighboring municipality of Norcia . The tremors caused severe damage and resulted in 299 deaths in the communities of Accumoli , Amatrice and Arquata del Tronto . The tremors were felt all over central Italy . In the affected region, the series of earthquakes lasted until October, but the frequency decreased slightly.

On October 26th there were two more severe earthquakes. The earthquake at 7:10 p.m. with a magnitude of 5.4 M W occurred in Castelsantangelo sul Nera . A stronger quake followed at 21:18 with the strength 5.9 M W with the center in the neighboring community Ussita . Since the residents had already been warned by the first minor tremor that they had already left their homes, there were no casualties, but serious damage in the affected communities.

The heaviest earthquake in the series occurred four days later on October 30, 2016 at 07:40 a.m. with a magnitude of 6.5 M W and had its center near Sant'Angelo, a district of Norcia . This earthquake was the worst since the earthquake in Irpinia 36 years ago. Since no one in the region has slept in their homes since October 26th due to the ongoing tremors, this quake also resulted in no deaths and only a few injuries. However, it caused severe damage to the places already damaged by the previous quakes.

Severe earthquakes occurred again on January 18, 2017 with four tremors above magnitude 5.0 MW , three of them between 10:25 a.m. and 11:25 a.m. and over 100 other quakes, with the focus to the south in the area of ​​the Relocated to Lago di Campotosto in the province of L'Aquila .

Tectonic overview

The earthquake series in the second half of 2016 occurred in a region of the central Apennines , the mountain range that runs through Italy south of the Po Valley from northwest to southeast. Geologically, the Apennines is largely a mountain range that has formed as an accretion wedge as a result of subduction . This region is tectonically and geologically complex: On the one hand, the Adriatic microplate subducts here from east to west under the Eurasian plate and the Apennines. It is also in the area of ​​the continental collision of the Eurasian plate and the African plate , which the Alps unfold further north. And finally, it comes in the west to the opening of the Tyrrhenian basin . Therefore, in the region around Italy and the central Mediterranean, a wide variety of tectonic processes take place simultaneously, which makes the Apennines one of the most earthquake-prone zones in Europe.

The series of earthquakes of 2016 is in line with the earthquake in Umbria on 26 September 1997 and the earthquake in Abruzzo 2009. Both earthquakes each provided the culmination of many months ongoing series of pre- and aftershocks with magnitudes up to about 5 M W represents The main earthquake on September 26, 1997 with a magnitude of 6.0 M W killed 11 people in the province of Perugia . The destruction of the ceiling frescoes by Giotto and Cimabue in the Basilica of San Francesco in Assisi in an aftershock attracted worldwide attention . During the main earthquake in Abruzzo on April 6, 2009 with a magnitude of 6.3 M W , 309 people were killed. a. the old town of L'Aquila badly damaged.

The earthquake of August 24, with the torque magnitude 6.2 M W southeast of Norcia occurred as a result of flat deportation on a running northwest-southeast fault in the central Apennines. The earthquake of August 24, 2016 is the expression of the east-west expansion tectonics that now dominate along the Apennines. At the point of the earthquake, the Eurasian plate moves about 24 mm annually to the northeast in relation to the African plate.

Earthquake from August 24, 2016

The first major tremor on August 24th had no significant foreshocks. After this event, however, the series with daily aftershocks continues uninterrupted (as of September 2019). The INGV was one of 24 August 2016 to 23 January 2017 to about 49,000 aftershocks, of which 9 with a magnitude above 5 M W , 41 with a magnitude 4-5 M W and 4 with a magnitude above 5 M W . 1 September 2019 were 110,800 aftershocks, of which 75 with magnitudes of 4 M W or higher. Here is the list of earthquakes in the affected region with a magnitude of more than 4 MW from August 24, 2016.

date Time
CEST
or CET 		Magnitude depth epicenter
local community Latitude Longitude place
August 24, 2016 03:36:32 6.0 4 km Accumoli 42.70 N 13.24 O ⊙
August 24, 2016 03:37:26 4.5 9 km Accumoli 42.71 N 13.25 O ⊙
August 24, 2016 03:56:00 4.4 5 km Amatrice 42.61 N 13.28 O ⊙
August 24, 2016 04:33:29 5.3 9 km Norcia 42.79 N. 13.15 O ⊙
August 24, 2016 04:59:35 4.1 9 km Norcia 42.80 N. 13.14 O ⊙
August 24, 2016 05:08:10 4.0 15 km Amatrice 42.61 N 13.27 O ⊙
August 24, 2016 05:40:11 4.1 11 km Amatrice 42.62 N. 13.25 O ⊙
August 24, 2016 06:06:50 4.4 8 kilometers Norcia 42.77 N 13.13 O ⊙
August 24, 2016 13:50:30 4.7 8 kilometers Norcia 42.82 N 13.15 O ⊙
August 24, 2016 19:46:09 4.4 10 km Accumoli 42.66 N. 13.22 O ⊙
August 25, 2016 05:17:16 4.3 10 km Arquata del Tronto 42.75 N 13.21 O ⊙
August 25, 2016 14:36:05 4.4 10 km Amatrice 42.60 N 13.29 O ⊙
26th August 2016 06:28:25 4.8 11 km Amatrice 42.60 N 13.29 O ⊙
August 27, 2016 04:50:59 4.0 8 kilometers Montemonaco 42.84 N 13.29 O ⊙
3rd September 2016 03:34:12 4.2 9 km Norcia 42.77 N 13.13 O ⊙
3rd September 2016 12:18:51 4.3 8 kilometers Castelsantangelo sul Nera 42.86 N 13.22 O ⊙
October 16, 2016 11:32:35 4.0 9 km Norcia 42.75 N 13.18 O ⊙
October 26, 2016 19:10:36 5.4 9 km Castelsantangelo sul Nera 42.91 N 13.13 O ⊙
October 26, 2016 21:18:05 5.9 8 kilometers Ussita 42.91 N 13.13 O ⊙
October 26, 2016 23:42:01 4.5 10 km Norcia 42.86 N 13.18 O ⊙
October 27, 2016 5:19:27 4.0 9 km Norcia 42.84 N 13.15 O ⊙
October 27, 2016 5:50:24 4.4 9 km Ussita 42.99 N. 13.13 O ⊙
October 27, 2016 10:21:45 4.3 9 km Norcia 42.87 N 13.10 O ⊙
October 27, 2016 19:22:23 4.2 9 km Norcia 42.84 N 13.10 O ⊙
October 29, 2016 18:24:33 4.2 11 km Norcia 42.81 N 13.10 O ⊙
October 30, 2016 07:40:17 6.5 9 km Norcia 42.84 N 13.11 O ⊙
October 30, 2016 07:44:30 4.6 10 km Norcia 42.85 N 13.07 O ⊙
October 30, 2016 07:55:40 4.1 13 km Norcia 42.74 N 13.17 O ⊙
October 30, 2016 08:00:40 4.1 10 km Preci 42.88 N 13.05 O ⊙
October 30, 2016 08:04:59 4.0 10 km Preci 42.82 N 13.06 O ⊙
October 30, 2016 08:05:56 4.1 8 kilometers Norcia 42.79 N. 13.16 O ⊙
October 30, 2016 08:07:53 4.2 10 km Norcia 42.71 N 13.19 O ⊙
October 30, 2016 08:08:35 4.3 10 km Norcia 42.71 N 13.14 O ⊙
October 30, 2016 08:13:05 4.5 11 km Accumoli 42.70 N 13.24 O ⊙
October 30, 2016 08:34:47 4.0 10 km Ussita 42.92 N 13.13 O ⊙
October 30, 2016 09:35:58 4.4 10 km Norcia 42.83 N 13.08 O ⊙
October 30, 2016 11:19:26 4.1 11 km Norcia 42.82 N 13.14 O ⊙
October 30, 2016 12:21:08 4.1 8 kilometers Pievebovigliana 43.06 N 13.07 O ⊙
October 30, 2016 12:58:17 4.0 10 km Preci 42.84 N 13.06 O ⊙
October 30, 2016 13:07:00 4.5 10 km Norcia 42.84 N 13.08 O ⊙
October 30, 2016 14:34:54 4.5 9 km Norcia 42.80 N. 13.16 O ⊙
October 30, 2016 19:21:09 4.0 10 km Norcia 42.79 N. 13.15 O ⊙
October 31, 2016 04:27:40 4.2 11 km Norcia 42.77 N 13.11 O ⊙
October 31, 2016 08:05:44 4.2 10 km Norcia 42.84 N 13.13 O ⊙
November 1, 2016 8:56:39 4.8 10 km Acquacanina 43.00 N. 13.16 O ⊙
3rd November 2016 1:35:01 4.7 8 kilometers Pieve Torina 43.03 N. 13.05 O ⊙
November 12, 2016 15:43:33 4.1 10 km Accumoli 42.72 N 13.21 O ⊙
November 14, 2016 2:33:43 4.0 11 km Castelsantangelo sul Nera 42.86 N 13.16 O ⊙
29th November 2016 17:14:02 4.4 11 km Capitignano 42.53 N 13.28 O ⊙
December 11, 2016 13:54:52 4.3 8 kilometers Visso 42.90 N. 13.11 O ⊙
18th January 2017 10:25:40 5.1 9 km Montereale 42.55 N 13.26 O ⊙
18th January 2017 11:14:09 5.5 9 km Capitignano 42.53 N 13.28 O ⊙
18th January 2017 11:15:33 4.7 10 km Capitignano 42.53 N 13.29 O ⊙
18th January 2017 11:16:39 4.6 11 km Capitignano 42.55 N 13.28 O ⊙
18th January 2017 11:24:14 4.0 10 km Amatrice 42.58 N 13.31 O ⊙
18th January 2017 11:25:23 5.4 9 km Pizzoli 42.49 N. 13.31 O ⊙
18th January 2017 11:39:24 4.1 11 km Capitignano 42.54 N 13.29 O ⊙
18th January 2017 12:07:37 4.1 10 km Amatrice 42.62 N. 13.24 O ⊙
18th January 2017 14:33:36 5.0 10 km Cagnano Amiterno 42.48 N 13.28 O ⊙
18th January 2017 16:16:10 4.3 10 km Amatrice 42.61 N 13.30 O ⊙
18th January 2017 20:32:31 4.2 13 km Amatrice 42.58 N 13.24 O ⊙
3rd February 2017 04:47:55 4.0 6 km Monte Cavallo 42.99 N. 13.02 O ⊙
3rd February 2017 05:10:05 4.2 6 km Monte Cavallo 42.99 N. 13.02 O ⊙
April 27, 2017 23:16:58 4.0 8 kilometers Visso 42.96 N 13.05 O ⊙
April 27, 2017 23:19:42 4.0 8 kilometers Visso 42.95 N. 13.05 O ⊙
July 22, 2017 04:13:08 4.0 13 km Campotosto 42.57 N 13.33 O ⊙
4th December 2017 00:34:11 4.0 8 kilometers Amatrice 42.62 N. 13.33 O ⊙
4th April 2018 04:19:45 4.0 8 kilometers Pieve Torina 43.06 N 13.03 O ⊙
April 10, 2018 05:11:30 4.6 8 kilometers Muccia 43.07 N. 13.04 O ⊙
1st September 2019 02:02:39 4.0 8 kilometers Norcia 42.80 N. 13.14 O ⊙

Victims and damage

Amatrice after the devastating earthquake, photographed on September 1st

Immediately after the earthquake on August 24, 2016, the Italian Civil Defense launched a large-scale rescue and recovery operation with over 4,300 emergency services. According to the ARD correspondent Richard C. Schneider (BR), the rescue measures got off to a very good start; the Italian Civil Protection has experience with earthquakes and since the earthquake of 2009 set to large incidents. The government declared a state of emergency in the region the day after the event .

Since it is unclear how many people were in the affected areas, and persistent survivors and the dead were rescued, official bodies were initially very reluctant to provide information on the dead and missing. At the time of the earthquake, up to 40,000 holidaymakers were staying in the affected communities, among other things to take part in the nationally known festival Sagra degli Spaghetti all'amatriciana on August 27th. Among other things, 70 people who were registered in the municipality of Rome were killed.

The earthquake claimed a total of 299 lives.

Rescue operation of buried victims

The earthquake mainly affected small mountain villages with partly older buildings. Damage was reported from over 70 villages. There was particularly severe destruction in the communities of Amatrice, Accumoli, Arquata del Tronto and above all its suburb Pescara del Tronto, which was almost completely destroyed. The ongoing aftershocks, including some over 4.0 MW , caused further damage and made rescue work more difficult. The series of earthquakes continued for more than 3 months after the first major quake (as of December 4, 2016).

The greatest damage was reported in the area around Norcia during the quakes in late October . The monastery of San Benedetto collapsed completely. After the quake, the authorities called on residents to leave the affected areas and temporarily go to the Adriatic coast or to accommodations in the area. Many spent the following nights in their cars. Around 15,000 people were cared for by the Italian civil defense and 10,000 housed in emergency shelters. Hotels on the Adriatic accepted 4,000 people.

In Rome on October 30, 2016, the two central metro lines were stopped in the morning to check safety. The schools were also checked and were closed on Monday. The Ponte Giuseppe Mazzini bridge was closed until October 31st to investigate any cracks. At the Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls , parts of the cornice on the gable came loose and damage also occurred to the dome of Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza . The earthquake on October 30th at 7:40 am was the strongest on the Italian peninsula since 1980 with a magnitude of 6.5. It was felt in large parts of Italy and was also felt in the Austrian states of Salzburg and Carinthia, as well as in the Croatian Perceived Adriatic coast.

The series of earthquakes on January 18, 2017 also shook almost the entire Apennine peninsula. The bad weather with lots of snow and cold made the situation in the earthquake area even worse. It is still unclear whether the avalanche accident in Farindola on January 18 was triggered by aftershocks. On January 29, the right side wall of the already badly damaged Basilica of Sant'Agostino in Amatrice collapsed after a tremor of magnitude 3.8 M W , after the campanile had collapsed on January 18.

consequences

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

Italy is the most earthquake-hit country in Europe. Around 70 percent of all buildings are not earthquake-proof. One reason is the old structure of many houses, such as in the medieval villages of Amatrice or Accumoli, which were partially affected in 2016. Measures by the Italian state for structural precautions, such as tax breaks for earthquake-proof renovations of private buildings, were poorly accepted. Italy's property owners have also successfully resisted categorizing private buildings. If their buildings are classified as “unsafe”, they fear the devaluation of their real estate or costly renovations.

The seismologist Massimo Cocco ( Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia ) demanded: “The government should at least have hospitals and schools secured.” During the earthquake in 2016, the school building in Amatrice, which housed kindergarten, elementary and secondary schools, also collapsed. It was supposedly earthquake-proof renovated in 2012. Both the town hall and the Amatrice hospital collapsed. The Rieti Provincial Public Prosecutor's Office therefore opened an investigation.

As a result of the October 26 quake, large parts of the old town of Camerino were badly damaged, including the town hall and numerous buildings of the university and its student dormitories. The university lost a third of its usable space. Until now, the university's facilities, including the library, dormitories and institutes, but also the town hall, have been housed in makeshift arrangements.

After the earthquake of October 30th, there are rumors of 25,000 homeless in the Marche region and more in the Umbria region. The community of Ussita has been abandoned by 200 people, most of its residents. The small town of Leonessa is evacuated. The 5,000-inhabitant city of Norcia, whose city center was cordoned off after the earthquake on October 30th, is threatened with exodus. Many who have lost their homes have found shelter with relatives elsewhere, and some live in local emergency shelters. The civil defense has made hotels on the Adriatic coast available. The mayor of Civitanova on the Adriatic was expecting an "epochal migration".

In the town of Fabriano, the Trenitalia railway company has made a train available as emergency accommodation.

"Satire"

The French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo published a drawing of bloody and partly buried victims of the earthquake. They overwritten these with the names of pasta dishes such as penne with tomato sauce. This cartoon, entitled “Earthquake the Italian way”, was outraged by the mayor of Amatrice and thousands of Italians on Facebook ( Shitstorm ).

Web links

See also

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Earthquake with magnitude of 6.0 on date 24-08-2016 and time 01:36:32 (UTC) in region Rieti. In: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia , INGV. Retrieved November 10, 2016 .
  2. ↑ Earthquake Info. In: Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam , GFZ. Retrieved November 10, 2016 .
  3. ↑ Earthquake with magnitude of 5.4 on date 24-08-2016 and time 02:33:28 (UTC) in region Perugia. In: INGV. Retrieved November 10, 2016 .
  4. ↑ Anna Lombardi, u. a .: Terremoto 6.0 devasta il centro Italia. In: La Repubblica . August 24, 2016, accessed November 10, 2016 (Italian).
  5. ↑ Earthquake with magnitude of 5.4 on date 26-10-2016 and time 17:10:36 (UTC) in region Macerata. In: INGV. Retrieved November 10, 2016 .
  6. ↑ Earthquake with magnitude of 5.9 on date 26-10-2016 and time 19:18:05 (UTC) in region Macerata. In: INGV. Retrieved November 10, 2016 .
  7. ↑ Earthquake with magnitude of 6.5 on date 30-10-2016 and time 06:40:17 (UTC) in region Perugia. In: INGV. Retrieved November 10, 2016 .
  8. ↑ Ingv: aggiornamento eventi sismici in provincia dell'Aquila, 18 gennaio 2017 ore 15:00. INGV, January 18, 2017, archived from the original on January 18, 2017 ; Retrieved January 18, 2017 (Italian).
  9. ↑ Jens Skapski: New strong earthquake in central Italy - epicenter in Amatrice. In: Juski's earthquake news. January 18, 2017. Retrieved January 18, 2017 .
  10. ↑ a b M6.2 - 10km SE of Norcia, Italy. USGS.gov, August 24, 2016, accessed August 24, 2016 .
  11. ↑ Giorgio BONSANTI: lecture on the German UNESCO World Heritage Day in 2010, the earthquake in Assisi: destruction and reconstruction. (PDF; 34.5 kB) Berlin Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment, June 5, 2010, archived from the original on June 23, 2016 ; accessed on November 6, 2016 .
  12. ^ Marion Linnenbrink: One year after the earthquake. Deutsche Welle, April 6, 2010, accessed on August 24, 2019 .
  13. ↑ a b Aggiornamento evento sismico a Norcia (PG) del 1 September 2019, Ml 4.1 (Mw 4.0). In: ingvterremoti.com . September 1, 2019, accessed August 8, 2020 (Italian).
  14. ↑ Sequencea in Italia centrale: aggiornamento del 23 gennaio ore 11:00 (earthquake series in Italy, updated on January 23, 2017). In: INGV Comunicazione. Retrieved August 8, 2020 (Italian).
  15. ↑ Earthquake List with real-time updates (continuously updated earthquake list). In: cnt.rm.ingv.it. Retrieved September 1, 2019 .
  16. ↑ Dead and injured: Severe earthquake in Italy. In: tagesschau.de. August 24, 2016, archived from the original on August 27, 2016 ; accessed on August 24, 2016 .
  17. ↑ Italy declares a state of emergency - the number of earthquake victims increases. DerWesten.de , accessed on August 26, 2016 .
  18. ↑ Crollato l'hotel Roma, diversi morti nel "tempio" dell'amatriciana. In: Il Sole 24 Ore . August 25, 2016, accessed August 25, 2016 (Italian).
  19. ^ Terremoto, ad Amatrice è il giorno dei funerali. In: Roma Today. August 30, 2016, accessed September 20, 2016 (Italian).
  20. ↑ Three years after the earthquake: Commemoration with a torchlight procession in Amatrice. In: orf.at . August 24, 2019, accessed August 24, 2019.
  21. ↑ Terremoto Centro Italia, diretta: 250 morti. Vigili continuano a scavare. In: Il Fatto Quotidiano . August 25, 2016, accessed August 25, 2016 (Italian).
  22. ↑ Italy quake: At least 15,000 in temporary shelters. In: BBC News. October 31, 2016, accessed October 31, 2016 .
  23. ↑ dpa / ith / tan: Earthquake in Italy: injured people recovered from rubble. In: welt.de . October 30, 2016, accessed October 7, 2018 .
  24. ^ Anna Carolina De Laurentiis: Terremoto, Roma: Ponte Mazzini riapre alle auto. In: lineadiretta24.it. November 2, 2016, accessed December 2, 2016 (Italian).
  25. ↑ Andrea Raggini: La piu 'forte scossa di terremoto degli ultimi 35 anni in Italia: Magnitudo 6.5. In: meteogiuliacci.it . October 30, 2016, accessed December 4, 2016 (Italian).
  26. ^ Simona Casalini, Katia Riccardi: Terremoto, Centro Italia in ginocchio. Un morto nel teramano. Slavina su hotel, tre dispersi. In: repubblica.it . January 18, 2017, accessed January 19, 2017 (Italian).
  27. ↑ Hotel Rigopiano: All still missing found dead ( Memento of 29 January 2017 Internet Archive ). In: stol.it . January 26, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
  28. ↑ Terremoto, ad Amatrice crolla la parete destra della chiesa di S. Agostino. In: ANSA . January 29, 2017, accessed January 30, 2017 (Italian).
  29. ↑ Earthquake in Italy: Why the country was hit so hard. In: südkurier.de. August 25, 2016. Retrieved August 26, 2016 .
  30. ^ Andreas Rossmann: The double tragedy of Camerino. In: faz.net. July 11, 2018, accessed July 11, 2018 .
  31. ↑ Mass exodus from the quake zone: New quake "in the next few days"? In: orf.at . October 30, 2016, accessed August 24, 2019.
  32. ↑ Aftershocks trigger panic: Center of the quake in Norcia. In: orf.at . October 31, 2016, accessed October 31, 2016.
  33. ↑ Italy: outrage over "Charlie Hebdo" drawing on quake. In: orf.at . September 2, accessed September 3, 2016.