Variety production
As a sort manufacturing is known in the industrial management , the production of production and sales related products in various forms, which in larger quantities than lots manufactured in succession on the same production line.
General
Variety production is a special case of mass production and is very similar to series production . For this reason, it is also often referred to as differentiated mass production. In contrast to mass production, the number of units produced is limited in the production of different types, since there is a regular switch to production of a different type, which is associated with conversion costs . Typical characteristics of grade production include:
- Production of several products (types) limited in terms of time and quantity .
- The products are closely related to one another and show only minor differences in terms of functionality , dimensions , processing or design.
One example is the production of garden gnomes in different colors and sizes, whereby the basic material ( clay ) remains the same. Traditional industrial companies with variety production are breweries , cheese factories , paper mills or rolling mills . Often mentioned variety products are also screws, candles, fruit yoghurts and others.
Special forms of sort production are batch production and batch production .
Differentiation from series production or mass production
Series production, type production or mass production can be distinguished as follows:
| Manufacturing process | Characteristic | example |
|---|---|---|
| Series production | several units of different products on different production lines |
Automobile manufacturing |
| Variety production | several units of different products on one production line | Letterpress |
| Mass production | high quantities on a production line | Beverage manufacturing |
Production process
The types of goods can either be produced in batches in parallel in different or one after the other on one and the same convertible production system. Before changing the type, the production system usually has to be converted to the new type. In some cases, the changeover can also take place during the ongoing production process or automatically, which can result in rejects .
The critical point in sort production is the simultaneous program and process planning in connection with the determination of the batch size and the definition of the sort sequence . For this reason, several methods such as the classic batch formula were developed in order to optimize the size of series, batches and production orders in terms of costs and processes.
The typical forms of organization for brand production are
advantages and disadvantages
- The benefits include
- Best possible utilization of resources leads to a fixed cost degression ,
- Possibility of rationalization of the manufacturing process,
- Cost reduction compared to individual production through the use of a production facility.
- The disadvantages are:
- Fixed costs incurred per set-up process after each type production regardless of the production quantity,
- lack of production flexibility (no custom-made products),
- Storage costs due to very large lot sizes.
literature
- Christoph Schneeweiß: Introduction to the production economy . 8., verb. and exp. Edition. Springer, 2002, ISBN 3-540-43192-6 .
- Thomas Plümer: Logistics and Production . Oldenbourg, Munich; Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-486-27470-8 .
- Klaus Bellman: Basics of the production economy . 2., revised. Edition. Fachbuch-Verlag Winkler, Edingen 2001, ISBN 3-9807300-3-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Günter Wöhe / Ulrich Döring , Introduction to General Business Administration , 25th edition, 2013, p. 336