Industrial management

The industrial management as a special business management is a science that deals with the economy , the structure , the process and the organization of companies in the manufacturing industry and the related services .

General

The object of knowledge in industrial management is the industrial enterprise , a company geared towards the mass production of almost homogeneous goods , which uses standardized production processes , division of labor , mechanization and automation to manufacture material goods. Her main focus is on the operational functions of procurement , production management , financing and marketing . At the interface between procurement and production , she concentrates on just-in-time production in order to minimize capital commitment and storage risks . In the context of mass production, it works out the typical characteristics of industry, which tends to grow in size with high capital requirements due to high plant intensity ( large-scale industry ). The big industry has towards small and medium enterprises on some specifics. This includes in particular questions of organization , cost reductions through the law of mass production , economies of scale and technology orientation . The business size effect is explained by the fact that large-scale industry is potentially able to produce more cost-effectively overall than small and medium-sized enterprises. According to the law of mass production, the proportion of fixed costs decreases with increasing capacity utilization per unit, resulting in economies of scale . If the increase in capacity leads to a reduction in costs, one speaks of economies of scale ( static economies of scale ). High fixed costs require large- volume production , which is more likely in large-scale industry. Big industry often attracts larger market shares and more market power so that it can take the price leadership in some markets . At high technology orientation is also the technology leadership industry typical.

history

The forerunner of today's industrial management is the so-called factory management. It was very similar to technical management and is oriented towards engineering . There was also a factory management course with a focus on business administration. This dealt with organizational questions of factory and office organization and industrial accounting , i. H. the operational accounting and later also the cost accounting .

The growing importance of industry since early industrialization created a separate branch of science within business administration. Max Haushofer Jr. ( Der Industriebetrieb , 1874; Grundzüge der Industrie- und Fabrik-Betriebslehre , 1879), Albert Calmes ( Der Fabrikbetrieb , 1906), Frederick Winslow Taylor ( The Basics of Scientific Management , 1911/1912) are co-founders of industrial management . Enno Heidebroek ( industrial operations apprenticeship , 1923), Max Rudolf Lehmann ( industrial operations , 1923) or Alfred Isaac ( industrial operations , 1930). Wilhelm Kalveram published the same-armed book in 1948, in which he describes, among other things, the characteristic features of the industrial company. Erwin Geldmacher founded the first German industrial seminar at the University of Cologne in 1920 .

The concept and content of today's industrial management were largely determined by the establishment of the MIT School of Industrial Management in 1952 (and in 1964 after its benefactor, Alfred P. Sloan Jr. (1875–1966), MIT graduate and chairman of General Motors , in Sloan School of Management renamed). The founding goal was to train engineers as "ideal industrial managers" through an additional business degree.

Education

Master's and graduate programs in industrial management build on Sloan's original idea and offer engineers strategic management training with a focus on production management, marketing, financial management, personnel management and business law - supplemented by corporate governance , corporate responsibility and sustainability aspects. The students should be able to run the industrial enterprise holistically.

Most advanced training programs in industrial management are full-time MBA programs which, in addition to a first degree in engineering, also require several years of professional experience. The course is characterized by the practical teaching of business management content, whereby the master's thesis is usually written with or in an industrial company.

In Germany, the master’s degree in industrial management at universities often includes in-depth and research-related engineering courses and is similar to an M.Eng. -Education. The MBA in industrial management at universities of applied sciences (former universities of applied sciences), on the other hand, is characterized by the application-oriented teaching of business management content for engineers.

literature

Hans-Peter Fries: Business administration of the industrial company. 5th, supplemented edition, Oldenbourg, Munich 1999. ISBN 3-486-24987-8

Johann Heinrich Jung (called Jung-Stilling): attempt of a textbook of factory science . Grattenauer, Nuremberg 1785, 636 pp.

Peter Loos: Production logistics in the chemical industry. Company typological characteristics and information structures . At the same time: Habilitation thesis Law and Economics Faculty of the Saarland, Summer 1997. Gabler, Wiesbaden 1997, ISBN 3-409-12323-7 - also online PDF

Kai-Ingo Voigt: Industrial Management : Industrial Management from a Process-Oriented Perspective Springer, Berlin etc., 2008, 695 S., ISBN 3540256482 (Springer textbook)

Wohinz, W. Josef: Industrial Management - the Graz Model, Neuer Wissenschaftlicher Verlag, Vienna-Graz, 2003

Web links

Individual evidence

[1] Werner Pepels, Product and Price Management in Corporate Banking , 2006, p. 194

[2] Michael Kutschker / Stefan Schmid, Internationales Management , 2010, p. 435

[3] Birga Döring / Tim Döring / Wolfgang Harmgardt / Axel Lange / Kai Michaelsen, Allgemeine BWL , 2007, p. 13

[4] Wilhelm Kalveram, Industriebetriebslehre , 1972, p. 19 f.