Sox-2

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sox-2
Sox-2
Sox-2
Properties of human protein
Mass / length primary structure 317 amino acids
Identifier
Gene name SOX2
External IDs
Occurrence
Homology family SOX-2
Parent taxon Bilateral animals

SOX-2 (also Sox2 ) is a transcription factor that is essential for maintaining the self-renewal of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells . The name is the abbreviation of "sex determining region Y (SRY) - box 2" ("sex determining region Y - box 2"). In the human genome , the gene for SOX-2 is on chromosome 3 (locations: 3 A2-B and 3 15.0 cM ).

function

SOX-2 is a member of a group of transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of embryonic development and the determination of cell fate. An activity of the transcription factor in neuronal stem cells could also be demonstrated. It is believed that SOX-2 controls the expression of another transcription factor, Oct-4 .

Mutations in the gene are associated with bilateral anophthalmia , a severe form of structural eye malformation. The ectopic ( “ex topos - out of the place” ) expression of SOX-2 is probably involved in the development of the abnormal differentiation of colon cancer cells.

Significance for stem cell research

SOX-2 is one of the key factors in the production of artificial stem cells ( induced pluripotent stem cells , iPS). In the process of artificial reprogramming of stem cells , the SOX-2 gene (along with the other previously identified pluripotency genes Oct-4 , c-Myc , Klf-4 , Nanog and lin-28 ) is introduced into somatic cells by retroviruses or adenoviruses and the cell thereby returned to the state of a stem cell.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ J. Collignon, S. Sockanathan, A. Hacker, M. Cohen-Tannoudji, D. Norris, S. Rastan, M. Stevanovic, PN Goodfellow, R. Lovell-Badge: A comparison of the properties of Sox-3 with Sry and two related genes, Sox-1 and Sox-2. In: Development. 122 (2), Feb 1996, pp. 509-520.
  2. ↑ M. Komitova, PS Eriksson: Sox-2 is expressed by neural progenitors and astroglia in the adult rat brain. In: Neurosci Lett. 369 (1), Oct 7, 2004, pp. 24-27.
  3. Jump up ↑ S. Masui, Y. Nakatake, Y. Toyooka, D. Shimosato, R. Yagi, K. Takahashi, H. Okochi, A. Okuda, R. Matoba, AA Sharov, MS Ko, H. Niwa: Pluripotency governed by Sox2 via regulation of Oct3 / 4 expression in mouse embryonic stem cells. In: Nat Cell Biol . 9 (6), Jun 2007, pp. 625-635. Epub 2007 May 21.
  4. ^ SA Hagstrom, GJ Pauer, J. Reid, E. Simpson, S. Crowe, IH Maumenee, EI Traboulsi: SOX2 mutation causes anophthalmia, hearing loss, and brain anomalies. In: Am J Med Genet A. 138A (2) Oct 1, 2005, pp. 95-98.
  5. ^ Y. Tani, Y. Akiyama, H. Fukamachi, K. Yanagihara, Y. Yuasa: Transcription factor SOX2 up-regulates stomach-specific pepsinogen A gene expression. In: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology . 133 (4), Apr 2007, pp. 263-269.
  6. ^ R. Zhao, GQ Daley: From fibroblasts to iPS cells: induced pluripotency by defined factors. In: J Cell Biochem. 105 (4), Nov 1, 2008, pp. 949-955.
  7. ↑ J. Yu et al .: Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells. In: Science. 318, 2007, pp. 1917-1920. PMID 18029452