Chromosome 3 (human)

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Human chromosome 3 idiogram

Chromosome 3 is one of 23 chromosomes pairs of people . A normal person has two largely identical copies of this chromosome in most of his cells .

Decoding the chromosome 3

Chromosome 3 consists of 199 million base pairs . A base pair is the smallest unit of information in DNA . Chromosome 3 contains approximately 6.5% of the total DNA of a human cell . Identifying the genes on this chromosome is part of an ongoing process of deciphering the human genome . There are between 1100 and 1500 genes on chromosome 3. When sequencing in May 2006 1463 protein-coding genes were found. Of these, 505 are associated with a wide variety of diseases. Also the most sensitive part of the human genome, the FHIT gene ( Fragile histidine triad), is located on chromosome 3. This gene is involved in around 50% of all esophageal , stomach and colon cancer diseases.

Known genes on chromosome 3

Chromosome 3 contains the following genes, among others:

Medical importance

The 46 human chromosomes

The following genetically determined or predisposed diseases or symptoms are associated with the genes located on chromosome 3 . These are among others:

Trisomy 3

see main article Trisomy 3

The trisome presence of genetic material from chromosome 3 is called trisomy 3 . A number of different symptoms can arise.

Androgenetic hair loss

The main cause of androgenetic hair loss (hereditary hair loss) is the so-called androgen receptor gene (AR), on the X chromosome . It is now known, however, that other genes have an influence on this normal type of hair loss in men. A working group at the University of Bonn found an area in area q26 on chromosome 3 that is directly related to androgenetic hair loss.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Genetics Home Reference, Chromosome 3 , as of February 29, 2008
  2. ↑ Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Human chromosome 3 reveals its secrets ( Memento of May 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), press release of May 17, 2006
  3. ↑ DM Muzny u. a., The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3. In: Nature , 440/2006, pp. 1194-8, PMID 16641997
  4. ↑ Genetics Home Reference, Conditions related to genes on chromosome 3. , As of February 29, 2008
  5. ↑ AM Hillmer et al. a., Genetic variation in the human androgen receptor gene is the major determinant of common early-onset androgenetic alopecia. In: Am J Hum Genet , 77/2005, pp. 140-8, PMID 15902657
  6. ↑ AM Hillmer et al. a., Genome-wide scan and fine-mapping linkage study of androgenetic alopecia reveals a locus on chromosome 3q26. In: Am J Hum Genet , 82/2008, pp. 737-43, PMID 18304493
  7. ↑ F. Luerweg, hair loss: " Successful search" on chromosome 3 , Science Information Service, February 21, 2008

literature

  • W. Maat et al. a .: Monosomy of chromosome 3 and an inflammatory phenotype occur together in uveal melanoma. In: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 49/2008, pp. 505-10, PMID 18234992

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