Northern lapwing
| Northern lapwing | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Northern lapwing |
||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||
|
||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Vanellus spinosus | ||||||||||
| ( Linnaeus , 1758) |
The Spornkiebitz ( Vanellus spinosus , Syn. : Hoplopterus spinosus ) is a monotypic bird art from the family of Plover (Charadriidae). The species occurs in Africa and the Middle East. In Central Europe the black lapwing is a very rare exceptional guest. Most of the observations are suspected to be prisoner refugees.
Appearance
When fully grown, the black lapwing reaches a body length of 25 to 27 centimeters. The bird is marked in black and white on the head and chest. The top of the body, on the other hand, is sand- to gray-brown. The legs are black and protrude over the tail when in flight. Similar to the lapwing , the flight is slow and deliberate.
distribution
It is common in Turkey, eastern and northern Syria , Israel , Jordan and Iraq, and East Africa . The red lapwing is very rare south of the Great Rift Valley. However, there is some evidence, for example from Malawi . It is a migratory bird in the regions north of Lebanon . In the other regions, on the other hand, it is predominantly a stationary bird or a barbed bird .
In Europe the black lapwing is a rare breeding bird. The first European proof of brood was made in Eastern Greece in 1959 . However, due to habitat destruction and transformation, intensified lagoon fishing and increasing predation by wild dogs, jackals and Mediterranean seagulls, these stocks are declining sharply. There are also observations from Spain, Germany and parts of Eastern Europe. From March to April it can also be seen in Cyprus .
food
The black lapwing visually locates its prey and hunts them by capturing them in a few quick leaps. The prey animals include insects , whereby it mainly eats beetles , mosquitoes and their larvae as well as ants . Its range of prey also includes spiders , worms , mollusks , tadpoles and small fish .
Reproduction
The reproductive behavior of the red lapwing has so far only been insufficiently investigated. It has been observed, however, that the male circled the female with stiff steps for minutes. Mating occurs after the female has adopted a prompting pose.
The nest is usually located near water and is a shallow hollow, padded with plant material. It is erected by the male, who during mating creates several hollows, one of which the female chooses.
The clutch consists of four eggs on average, which are yellowish-olive in color and have black-brown spots. The eggs are incubated by both parent birds over a period of 22 to 24 days.
supporting documents
literature
- Simon Delany, Derek Scott, Tim Dodman, David Stroud (Eds.): An Atlas of Wader Populations in Africa and Western Eurasia. Wetlands International , Wageningen 2009, ISBN 978-90-5882-047-1 .
Web links
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Vanellus spinosus in the Internet Bird Collection
- Avibase entry Northern lapwing ( Vanellus spinosus ) (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Vanellus spinosus inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Listed by: BirdLife International, 2012. Retrieved September 22, 2013.
Single receipts
- ↑ Hans-Günther Bauer, Einhard Bezzel and Wolfgang Fiedler (eds.): The compendium of birds in Central Europe: Everything about biology, endangerment and protection. Volume 1: Nonpasseriformes - non-sparrow birds , Aula-Verlag Wiebelsheim, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-89104-647-2 , p. 437
- ↑ Delany et al., P. 130
- ↑ Bauer et al., P. 437