Sprouting rock carnation
Sprouting rock carnation | ||||||||||||
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Sprouting rock carnation ( Petrorhagia prolifera ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Petrorhagia prolifera | ||||||||||||
(L.) PWBall & Heywood |
The sprouting rock carnation ( Petrorhagia prolifera ), also called head carnation or sprouting carnation head , is a member of the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae).
Appearance
The annual herbaceous plant reaches a height of about 15 to 50 cm. The stem is erect and completely bare. The leaves are linear and fused at the base. The flowers sit in (one to) few-flowered, terminal heads, which are surrounded by a common bract. Usually there are 3 pairs of translucent, dry-skinned, elliptical shell scales, of which the 2 outer scales are half shorter and spiky. The inner ones are very blunt and more or less longer than the calyx. This is tubular and about 10 to 13 mm long. The crown is rose-red or reddish-purple.
It blooms from June to October.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.
ecology
The flowers open in the morning, they are homogeneous and mostly self-pollinate. Insect visits are rare. However, the seed set is abundant. Sometimes flowers appear with stunted stamens. Plants that germinate in spring remain unbranched. Specimens that germinate in autumn form a rosette and can grow into branching plants in spring - hence the designation "Sprouting rock carnation" or prolifera in the scientific name.
distribution
Location requirements
The sprouting rock carnation grows in patchy sand and poor grass, on dunes and rock heads, on loess slopes or stone dams. It prefers warm, dry, more or less open, base-rich, mostly low-lime, neutral-mild humus sand, stone gravel or sandy loess loam soils. According to Ellenberg , it is a light plant and a heat pointer. In Central Europe it is a species of the class of loose sand and rock grass (Sedo-Sclerenthetea). In the Mediterranean region it thrives in societies of the Thero-Brachypodietea class.
General distribution
Petrorhagia prolifera occurs from southern Sweden to central Europe and northern southern Europe. It penetrates east to Asia Minor, Iran and the Caucasus. It is also found in North Africa. She is a neophyte in North America. It is originally a sub-Mediterranean-subatlantic floral element. The rock carnation sprouts rarely occur in Austria and are endangered. Sometimes it is threatened with extinction. In Switzerland it is generally very scattered.
Distribution in Germany
The sprouting rock carnation occurs scattered and rarely in the north-eastern and central part of Germany. It is a little more common in the southern area. It is missing in the northwest, the Alps and the Alpine foothills, among others.
Species protection
The species should not be collected because of its partial endangerment and rarity.
literature
- Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
- Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria. Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer . Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
- August Binz , Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland , Schwabe & Co. AG, Basel, 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora , Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
- Christian August Friedrich Garcke : Illustrierte Flora , 1972, Paul Parey publishing house, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 367.
- ↑ a b c Petrorhagia in Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
Web links
- Sprouting rock carnation. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
- Petrorhagia prolifera (L.) PW Ball & Heywood In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved October 8, 2015.
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to Eric Hultén
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )