St. Lamberti (Gladbeck)

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Parish Church of St. Lamberti

The Roman Catholic parish church of St. Lamberti in the diocese of Essen is a listed church building in the Westphalian town of Gladbeck in the Recklinghausen district in North Rhine-Westphalia . It was originally founded apparently near a rural settlement. The Church Institute is since 1 September 2007 at the rank and the dignity of provost [Ecclesia praeposita], which a provost projects. In 2016, the large parish [since 2009] was subordinate to the parishes Herz Jesu (6,289 believers), St. Josef, St. Johannes, St. Lamberti, St. Marien and the smallest parish (3,260 believers) Heilig Kreuz. There were six parishes with eight church locations (including the chapel in St. Barbara Hospital and the Christ-King Church in Schultendorf, southwest of Zweckel ). A total of 26,605 believers lived there on June 30, 2018. That was 34.1 percent of the city's population. The central town of St. Lamberti had 6,379 Catholics. The Sunday worship service in the large parish comprised 10.5 percent of the faithful (2016). In the diocese of Essen, an average of 8.49 percent were reported for all 22 parishes. In 2020, before the Corona crisis, the parish had 1,300 Sunday visitors, and around 400 people under restricted conditions during the crisis.

The patronage of the church refers to the martyr and Saint Lambertus (approx. 635 to approx. 705), Bishop of Tongern-Maastricht (Netherlands). From 718 he is also called Lambert von Lüttich in the literature with reference to his burial place . His successor Hubert von Maastricht had him transferred there. Lambert held his episcopate from 670 with an interruption and exile to Stablo monastery (Stavelot near Liège) in political turmoil until his death. His figurative representation in the St. Lamberti Church in Gladbeck can be found for the visitor after entering through the central entrance on the west side. The usually related attributes of the saint, miter, crook and church model can also be historically proven in Gladbeck. A relic of the patron is immured in the main altar of the St. Lamberti Church in Gladbeck together with a relic of the Roman St. Florencia. The altar was consecrated by the Bishop of Essen Dr. Franz Hengsbach (promoted to cardinal in 1987) on December 23, 1972.

Other St. Lambertus churches ( Lambertuskirche ) are located in Ahlen, Ascheberg, Castrop-Rauxel, Coesfeld, Dolberg, Düsseldorf-Altstadt, Essen-Rellinghausen, Hoetmar, Lippramsdorf, Maastricht, Münster, Ochtrup and Stromberg (Oelde). Saint Lambertus was buried in the Lambertus Cathedral in Liège / Liège (Belgium). His mausoleum was destroyed in 1794. The feast day is on September 18th. The parish in Gladbeck sings a special song in honor of the saint on this day: Saint Lambertus, high in honor, our parish patron saint . The oldest, regularly celebrated festival of the population of this rural community of Gladbeck goes back to this patronage according to a Franconian tradition in the German-speaking area , just as patronage festivals were widespread everywhere in the vast regions of Germany up to the Alemannic and Bavarian south since the Middle Ages . The privilege to attend the Lambertus Market on September 18, 1403 indicates nothing else. The tradition of this celebration in Gladbeck is undoubtedly even further back than the age of this document suggests. The late Middle Ages are the epoch of the writing down of broad folk customs, which were mostly cultivated long before. A manifest veneration of Saint Lambertus has been observed in Westphalia and the Netherlands since Franconian times, where the number of historically founded patrons is striking. In the diocese of Münster, September 18 is not a feast day for Saint Lambertus.

location

According to the administrative division, the location of the church is in the western part of Vestes Recklinghausen. The Vest Recklinghausen formed at the same time an old Goger othing -and later one of Cologne District. The territory was under the Archbishop of Cologne as sovereign. To the west, the area bordered on the Duchy of Kleve, away from Kirchhellen and the Köllnisches Wald . In the 14th century Kleve had attacked Gladbeck in Cologne in vain. Up until the 19th century, the Gladbeck area was structured agrarian. Parts of the rural population were fond of the St. Lamberti Church because of the obligation to pay wax interest. The Catholic Church set almost all social accents in the Gladbeck settlement area . From the end of the 19th century, the Gladbeck area was also opened up with collieries. The immigrant population often came from Poland and integrated into the Catholic community over the decades. From the rural community to the parish district and the city of Gladbeck: the position is on the border between Westphalia and the Rhineland (Oberhausen). The location of the church on the Gladebeke stream, which flowed north of the church nave to the west, gave the later town the name Gladbeck. Gladbeck is located in the north-west German lowlands, upstream of the Bergisch and Sauerland mountain ranges. It is located in a very limited, small-scale intermediate zone between the Münsterland plains and the valley of the Rhine. The rivers Lippe and Emscher drain from east to west. The climate is moderate, mostly with westerly winds, moderate temperatures and increased rainfall in autumn. The topography is at a level between 60 and 90 meters above sea level as in the Essen Hellweg area. The next roads connect in the north with Dorsten an der Lippe, in the south with Essen south of the Emscher, in the west with (Oberhausen-) Osterfeld and in the east with Herten and Recklinghausen. The soils tend to have below-average values ​​and cannot compete with the Essen Hellweg area.

history

According to the earliest written references ((1020) [falsified], in addition Theod. Aed. Around 1160, papal documents from 1147 June 17, ( … In Gladbech ecclesiam et curtem .. ), 1161 and 1207) the Gladbeck church with the [later so-called Abding] -Hof in Gladbeck-Zweckel and tithe rights also in the further course of the Middle Ages and early modern times to the Benedictine Abbey Deutz, today part of the city of Cologne. Who actually founded the church is completely uncertain and eludes speculation, as is the case for many other churches in what would later become Vest Recklinghausen. The parish of Gladbeck is first documented around 1240. The earliest documents are preserved in the provost's archives from 1385, 1391 and 1411. Text contents of documents from before 1385 could be saved. 1385 Pastor Goswin is named. The round seal of the parish [bishop with staff and martyr's palm] has been handed down for November 8, 1465 at the earliest. The original seal seems lost. Another seal (pointed oval) from 1529 with the bishop, church and shepherd's staff has been preserved. A pastor and usually two vicars accompanied the parish of St. Lamberti for many hundreds of years until it was divided into new parishes in the twentieth century during the densely populated urban expansion. The parish had around 2,300 souls around 1800 and around 10,000 parish members in 1897. Before it became a town around 1900, Gladbeck had around 11,000 inhabitants, the later municipality of Gladbeck had around 83,000 inhabitants in 1974, and around 77,000 inhabitants lived here in 2017. The St. Lamberti Church in Gladbeck belonged to the Archdiocese of Cologne until 1821, then to the Diocese of Münster and finally from 1958 to the Diocese of Essen. As medieval branches [12. Century] from St. Lamberti, Gladbeck, St. Urbanus [Gelsenkirchen-Buer] and St. Hippolytus [Gelsenkirchen-Horst] apply.

architecture

Two predecessor churches of the current building are known that stood in the same place. The Romanesque , three-aisled hall church from the 13th century stood until 1797. No images or drawings of this building have survived. The sketches and drawings of this church by Pastor Theodor Enbergs (1833 to 1876) have been lost. Under the direction of Kleinhans from Mülheim, a single-nave, baroque hall church with four window axes was built in 1797 . The choir yoke was set at right angles. The tower was crowned with an onion . Since Gladbeck's population increased sharply with the industrialization, this church soon became too small.

The planning for the new building was carried out by the builder Bernhard Hertel from Cologne, who became head of the Cologne Dombauhütte from 1903. The conception and construction took place (1897–1899) during the term of office of Pastor Franz Nonn (1886–1998). The red brick building represents the type of three-aisled, neo-Gothic hall that was particularly popular in 19th century historicism . According to its external dimensions, it is around 68 meters long and 29 meters wide. The choir with a 5/8 end, polygonal side choirs and a transept rounded off the impression. The building was originally fully painted and richly furnished. The church was opened on October 26, 1899 by the Bishop of Münster Dr. Hermann Dingelstad consecrated. The church was badly damaged and unusable in the Second World War by air raids on September 27, 1944 and March 24, 1945. During the first attack, a five hundredweight bomb with about 130 kg of trinitrotoluene hit the north roof and exploded between the second and third pillars. During the second attack in 1945, nine bombs fell on the north side of the church. The air pressure raised the vaults, which then smashed the entire inventory in the crash. The church was rebuilt from 1947 to 1953 under Pastor Ignaz Heiermann (1898, ordained priest in 1923, pastor from 1947 to 1969, died 1970). The preparations were still made by his predecessor Pastor Franz Effing. (born in 1872 Vreden, Ahaus district, ordained priest in 1897 Münster Cathedral, pastor and definitor of the deanery from 1919 to 1947 (year of death)). He bought the building material, the wood with great difficulty in the Soviet zone, and organized 50,000 bricks to be piled up in the church. He ordered the tracery for the windows. He died a few days after his golden jubilee as a priest. In 1953 four new bells were delivered and hung in the tower for the fifth Mary's bell.

Church interior and furnishings

The later-born factory owner's son from Bocholt, Pastor Rudolf ten Hompel (1925, pastor from 1969 to 1994 (year of death)), who was organizationally always active, decided in 1972 with his church council, in view of the Second Vatican Council, to extensively renovate the interior of the church and meet the requirements to adapt to the liturgy. From Pentecost to the 4th Advent in 1972, the service took place in the chapel of the St. Barbara Hospital and in the Evangelical Christ Church. Under the direction of the architect Bernd Kösters, the interior was redesigned according to the specifications of the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965). During this time, a parish council was established for the first time, which as a pastoral council also advised on the new interior design of the church. The dominant element of the redesign was the wall , a separation between the choir and the transept made up of serially produced plastic elements that was not completely walled up. The circular tabernacle that was set into it at that time was visible on both sides. The building measures of 1972 were discussed controversially from the beginning and later, after consultation and at the request of many of the community's creditors, were largely withdrawn under Provost Karl Heinz Berger. The wall had failed and was demolished in 1995. Provost Berger gave the current design of the interior of the church, certainly also after advice from experts and believers, the current face. Under his spiritual guidance, St. Lamberti became provost. Berger has given his community a rich gift, both spiritually and creatively.

The interior of the church was given its current appearance. Foundation stone (1897), Stations of the Cross (1836), tabernacle safe (1899), font (Belgian granite, 1899), Pietà (1907), altar cross (1972). The attraction has been the altarpiece from 1516 since 2012. It is polychrome, 1.65 meters high, 3.85 m wide and made of oak, with figures made of linden wood. The Klais organ (Klais, Bonn) was consecrated on December 11, 1960. (36 registers, 3 manuals, pedal, mechanical tract, electrical registration.) The church windows were replaced from 1949 to 2005. Organ concerts by national and international artists that are highly regarded regionally take place in the church every year, along with musically elaborate masses with choir, soloists and orchestra.

Bells

The Lambertus bell (1953) is named after the patron saint of the parish, tone h, 3.067 tons, diameter, 1.70 m. The Marien-Bell (1535) with the tone d, 1.750 tons, diameter 1.36 m. The parish has a special relationship to the Virgin Mary through the Vicarie BMV, which goes back to the high Middle Ages. The bell of Mary dedicates its peal to the call of the deceased to the seats of heaven. The Ignatius bell (1953), named after the holy founder of the order Ignatius von Loyola, evidently referred to Pastor Ignaz Heiermann, tone e, weight 1.2 tons, diameter 1.24 m. The Cecilia bell (1953) after Saint Cecilia, the patroness of church music and song, tone f sharp, weight 810 kilograms and diameter 1.10 m. The Gabriel bell (1953), after the Archangel Gabriel, who brought the message to Mary that she will receive the Savior, strengthens the relationship to the Virgin Mary. Clay g, weight 688 kg, diameter 1.03 m. The bells from 1953 each bear an invocation to prayer and a saying from the Te Deum. The bells that were new at that time came from the bell foundry Petit & Edelbrock in Gescher / Westphalia.

literature

  • Elke Dißelbeck-Tewes: Anton Düsing (c. 1748–1804) organist, sexton and church master at the St. Lamberti provost church in Gladbeck. In: Reimund Haas, Jürgen Bärsch (ed.): Christians on the Ruhr. Volume 4, Aschendorff, Münster 2010, ISBN 978-3-402-10491-0 , pp. 25-37.
  • Elke Dißelbeck-Tewes: The construction diary of the Gladbeck St. Lamberti Church 1897-1899. ed. v. Institute for Research on Church History of the Diocese of Essen. (= Contributions and mishaps. 6). Verlag MV-Wissenschaft, Essen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86991-187-8 .
  • Elke Dißelbeck-Tewes: Between heaven and earth. A journey through the history of the parish of St. Lamberti in Gladbeck. ed. v. from the archives of the Propsteigemeinde St. Lamberti. Gladbeck 2011.
  • Elke Dißelbeck-Tewes: Propsteikirche St. Lamberti Gladbeck, church leader. Photos / Pictures Christiane Günthör / Joachim Roßmann, layout Joachim Roßmann, 10 pages color print, Propsteiarchiv 2016.
  • Elke Dißelbeck-Tewes: Pastor Franz Nonn (1832–1898), in: Reimund Haas, Jürgen Bärsch (ed.): Christians on the Ruhr. Vol. 6, Aschendorff, Münster 2018, ISBN 978-3-402-10492-7 , pp. 37-48.
  • Elke Dißelbeck-Tewes: St. Lamberti Gladbeck, Catholic cemetery, local guide. Photos / texts Dr. Elke Dißelbeck-Tewes, layout / graphics: Joachim Rossmann, 10 pages color print, Propsteiarchiv 2019.
  • Heinz Dohmen: image of heaven, a thousand years of church building in the diocese of Essen . Verlag Hoppe and Werrry, Essen 1977, ISBN 3-88867-001-2 .
  • Wilhelm Janssen : Parish churches and curate chapels between the Ruhr and Lippe in the Middle Ages. In: Ferdinand Seibt, Ludger Tewes u. a. (Ed.): Forgotten times. Middle Ages in the Ruhr area. Volume 2 of the exhibition catalog, Verlag Pomp, Essen 1990, ISBN 3-89355-053-4 , pp. 144–148.
  • Johannes Meier: The diocese of Essen. Christian life on the Lenne and Ruhr over the course of twelve centuries. Book 1: From the first messengers of faith to the great secularization. Editions du Signe, Strasbourg 1998, ISBN 2-87718-637-7 .
  • Johannes Meier, Wilhelm Damberg: The Diocese of Essen: An Illustrated History 1958-2008. Aschendorff, Münster 2007, ISBN 978-3-402-12731-5 .
  • Ludger Tewes : Self-image and development logic. Basics of Gladbeck's history in the Middle Ages. In: Vestische Zeitschrift. ISSN 0344-1482, 1985/86, pp. 37-96.
  • Ludger Tewes: Documents and registers from the St. Lamberti parish archive in Gladbeck from the 14th and 15th centuries (edition). In: Vestische Zeitschrift. ISSN  0344-1482 , 1989/1990, pp. 13-16, 1991/92, pp. 115-118, 1993/94, pp. 79-85, 1995/1996/1997, pp. 31-38, 1998/99 , Pp. 209-214.
  • Ludger Tewes: Pastor Rudolf ten Hompel (1925-1994) Catholic priest and pastor in the age of secularization, pluralism and individualization. In: Reimund Haas, Jürgen Bärsch (ed.): Christen an der Ruhr Vol. 6, Aschendorff, Münster 2018, ISBN 978-3-402-10492-7 , pp. 101–121.
  • 1200 years of the Christian community in Recklinghausen, ed. v. Georg Möllers, Richard Voigt, Recklinghausen 1990.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Population statistics of the city of Gladbeck from June 30, 2018, p. 9.
  2. ↑ Information from the diocese of Essen for the end of 2016, as well as the provost's own information in the WAZ of July 22, 2017 and July 25, 2017.
  3. ↑ Further figures for the parish of Gladbeck and the diocese of Essen for 2017 and 2018 in: WAZ, Essen, Gladbeck edition of July 20, 2019.
  4. ↑ According to the parish of St. Lamberti, Gladbeck, in the WAZ, Gladbeck edition of July 24, 2020, page 1.
  5. ↑ Lambert von Maastricht , article in: Lexikon der Heiligen , edit. v. Erhard Gorys, 2nd edition, Munich 1998, pp. 185–186.
  6. ^ Oldest chronicle of the so-called Liège cleric Vita vetustissima after 730.
  7. ↑ Elke Disselbeck-Tewes, Provost Church St. Lamberti , church leaders, Gladbeck 2016th
  8. ↑ Vestische Zeitschrift Volume 90/91 1991/1992, pp. 115–116. ISSN 0344-1482.
  9. ↑ Ludger Tewes, On the concept of Vestes Recklinghausen , in: Vestische Zeitschrift ISSN 0344-1482, 82/83 1983/1984, p. 330.
  10. ↑ Manfred Wolff, The history of the district area until 1816 , in: Der Kreis Recklinghausen , ed. v. Recklinghausen district, Stuttgart 1979, pp. 79-98. ISBN 3-8062-0183-8 .
  11. ↑ Ludger Tewes, Middle Ages in the Ruhr Area, Paderborn 1997, maps of the natural area between Lippe and Ruhr, pp. 485–491.
  12. ↑ For 100 years there has been a flood of discussions about counterfeiting with O. Oppermann, H. Aubin, FW Oediger, AK Hömberg, J. Milz, E. Wisplinghoff, most recently W. Janssen
  13. ↑ Westfälisches Urkundenbuch Volume V, No. 60.
  14. ↑ Elke Dißelbeck-Tewes, Gladbeck: 100 Years of Becoming a City - 1000 Years of the Church, in: Gladbeck Unser Stadt 2017, No. 3, pp. 36–37.
  15. ↑ Regest in Westfälisches Urkundenbuch [WUB] VII, No. 501, photo of the document with legible text, plus the seal in: Vestische Zeitschrift , vol. 84/85 / 1985–1986, p. 58.
  16. ^ Reprint in the St. Lamberti Propsteiarchiv. Ludger Tewes, Two Church Seals from St. Lamberti in Gladbeck, in: Vestischer Kalender 59, 1988, pp. 155–157.
  17. ↑ All information from the writings and files of the parish archive of St. Lamberti.
  18. ↑ Elke Dißelbeck-Tewes, Propsteikirche St. Lamberti Gladbeck , Church Guide , p. 8.
  19. ^ Albert K. Hömberg, Ecclesiastical and secular regional organization of southern Westphalia. (Publication of the Historical Commission of Westphalia XXII) Historical works on Westphalian regional research 10, Aschendorff, Münster 1965, p. 76.
  20. ↑ Ground plan and cadastral maps in: Vestische Zeitschrift 84/84 1985/1986, pp. 73, 80, 81, 83–84, 86, 88.
  21. ↑ The church in neighboring Kirchhellen is likely to have been of a similar type. At Hans Büning, 1000 years of St. Johannes Kirchhellen, the successful drawing on p. 23.
  22. ^ Ruhrnachrichten Gladbeck of March 11, 1978.
  23. ↑ His motto from the Te Deum: “I have trusted in you, oh Lord. I will not be put to shame in eternity! "
  24. ↑ Elke Dißelbeck-Tewes, Between Heaven and Earth , pp. 79–96
  25. ↑ Ludger Tewes, Memory of Dean Rudolf ten Hompel Pastor at St. Lamberti from 1969 to 1994, in: Gladbeck Unser Stadt 2017, Issue 3, pp. 28-30.
  26. ↑ Elke Disselbeck-Tewes: Provost Church St. Lamberti Gladbeck . Church leader, Gladbeck 2016.
  27. ↑ Elke Dißelbeck-Tewes, The altarpiece of the Propsteikirche St. Lamberti , photos Christiane Günthör, layout Joachim Roßmann, 6 pages color print, parish archive 2015.
  28. ↑ Heinz Enxing, Medieval gold now shines in the provost church St. Lamberti , in: Gladbeck Unser Stadt , 40th year 2013, No. 1, pp. 16-21.
  29. ↑ Elke Disselbeck-Tewes, The organ of the Provost Church St. Lamberti , Text Konrad Suttmeyer, Elke Disselbeck-Tewes, photos Konrad Suttmeyer, Joachim Rossmann, the same layout, 6 pages Buntdruck, provost archive, 2015.
  30. ↑ Elke Dißelbeck-Tewes, Die Fenster der Propsteikirche St. Lamberti , photos Christiane Günthör / Joachim Roßmann, 8-page color print with all windows, Propsteiarchiv 2015.
  31. ↑ A photo with the translated inscription of the bell, from: Ludger Tewes, Mittelalter an Lippe und Ruhr Preface by Cardinal Franz Hengsbach Bishop of Essen, Essen 2nd edition 1988, p. 71. In 1535 Johannes Rebbelmund, born in Gladbeck, was pastor at St. Lamberti. Rutger Rentfort was vicar at the Altar of Our Lady, that is, at the Liebfrauen Altar. The reference to the Marienglocke and the financing of its cast remains without evidence.
  32. ↑ Ludger Tewes, The Glocken von St. Lamberti , Gladbeck, in: Vestischer Kalender 52. Jg. 1981, pp. 81–83.

Coordinates: 51 ° 34 ′ 22.8 "  N , 6 ° 59 ′ 38.8"  E