St. Maria Magdalena (Karlsbad)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
St. Mary Magdalene
St. Maria Magdalena in Karlovy Vary

St. Maria Magdalena in Karlovy Vary

Data
place Carlsbad
builder Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer
Construction year 1732 to 1736
height 38 m
Coordinates 50 ° 13 '21 "  N , 12 ° 53' 4"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 13 '21 "  N , 12 ° 53' 4"  E

The Catholic parish church of St. Maria Magdalena ( Kostel svaté Máří Magdaleny in Czech ) in the center of the spa town of Karlovy Vary in the Czech Republic is a protected architectural monument. The church is one of the most important baroque buildings in the country and was declared a national cultural monument in 2010 .

history

Previous construction

Previous building on the left on a drawing from the 19th century

Karlovy Vary was a branch of the parish of Zettlitz until the 15th century . One of the St. The wooden chapel dedicated to Mary Magdalene is believed to have been in the center on a hill near the spring since the second half of the 14th century. On August 14, 1370, Emperor Charles IV elevated the previously existing Warmbad to a royal city .

The church was first mentioned in documents in 1485 in connection with a donation from Count Hieronymus Schlick . The Lords of the Cross with the Red Star received the right of patronage . Since 1491 it was an independent parish church. In addition to Karlsbad, the villages of Donitz, Drahowitz, Fischern, Ober- and Untermaierhöfen as well as the Berghäusln belonging to the Gießhübel lordship were included in the parish. In 1493 a Kreuzherr named Nikolaus was pastor.

In 1518 a new building was built in the form of a small one-story half-timbered church. It was surrounded by a cemetery that had served as a burial place since around 1500. Behind the church there was a parish garden on a higher route. The Reformation took hold in the 16th century . A pastor is said to have preached in St. Andrew's Church as early as 1535. In 1554 the council officially adopted Lutheran teaching. Until 1624 the pastor's post was occupied by 13 Lutheran clergymen in a row. The first was Andreas Hampisch.

The church was destroyed in the town fire of 1604, but was rebuilt a short time later. In 1605 it received new bells from the bell founder Hans Wild from St. Joachimsthal . During the Thirty Years War the church was destroyed again by fire. The last pastor, Johannes Rebhun, had to leave the country on August 24, 1624 on the orders of Emperor Ferdinand II, along with those citizens who did not convert to Catholicism. Rebhun became pastor in Culmitzsch in the diocese of Weida in 1624 and died in 1675.

In 1628, Catholic worship was forcibly reintroduced. Many citizens, especially women, were converted later. The first Catholic pastor since the Reformation was the Augustinian monk, Father Franciscus Albinus. He was alternately followed by cross-lords, secular priests and other religious. Since 1656 the pastor's post has always been occupied by cross lords. From 1698, the Order of the Cross exercised the right of presentation jointly with the city's magistrate, in the form that the grand master proposed three religious priests, from which the magistrate selected one, which was then presented to the prince-archbishop consistory.

New building

Since the old church, which had become too small, no longer met the requirements and threatened to collapse due to its poor state of construction, the Grand Master of the Order of the Cross and the former dean Franz Matthias Böhm sat down with Emperor Charles VI in 1727 . for a new building. The plans were provided by the architect Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer , who arrived in Karlsbad at the end of 1729 and carried out the necessary explorations. Dientzenhofer also looked for a more suitable location and made several designs. The lack of funding and land issues initially delayed the project.

In 1732 the citizen Lorenz Pleyer donated a sum of 4,000 ducats to enable the employment of a second chaplain. The prerequisite was to celebrate four soul masses for the founder every week. The approval for the new building was given by Emperor Karl VI. by decree on the day before his departure from Karlovy Vary on July 17, 1732. Subsequently, excavations began on the foundation, which revealed hot springs and stalactites in the trenches .

The towers still without lanterns, 1820

The foundation stone was laid by Grand Master Franz Matthias Böhm on April 27, 1733. Construction supervision was carried out by foreman Thomas Hansl from Prague, who died before the church was completed. Other involved in the construction were the locksmiths Johann Kaspar Kraus and Johann Peter Hüttner, as well as the carpenter Franz Dietl. The plasterer was Ignaz Palliari from Prague. The work was severely hampered by hot springs emerging on the site. In some cases, the fumes threatened to suffocate the workers. The church was completed by 1736. The total cost was 95,000 ducats, for which the Order of the Cross, Emperor Charles VI, was largely responsible. added a contribution of 1000 ducats.

In 1756 the construction of a new dean's building began. In 1759 the church was severely damaged by fire. In 1763, Empress Maria Theresa donated a new tower clock by the Prague clockmaker Sebastian Landensberger and three new bells to the church.

After an epidemic of hunger and plague that struck the health resort in the 1770s, the cemetery in the city center was abandoned and some of the remains were transferred to the crypt. At the behest of Emperor Joseph II , the new cemetery was moved in 1784 to the St. Andrew's Church, which at that time was still outside the city, which had existed since 1500 and was rebuilt in Empire style in 1840/1841 .

The towers received their lanterns in 1861, to which Count Joachim von Münch-Bellinghausen contributed an amount of 1000 florins. In 1883 the entrepreneur Heinrich Mattoni gave the church a large glass window. In 1930 the parish had 25,504 Catholics. The last dean was Adam Becker from the Order of the Cross. Between 1948 and 1950 the church was completely restored. In 1958 it was included in the state list of cultural monuments. The church has been listed as a national cultural monument since 2010.

architecture

It is a Baroque church with a central nave on the plan of a deep oval, surrounded by four diagonally semicircular niches that are rectangular on the transverse axis. The nave is vaulted by a star-shaped dome. The presbytery is on the east side. The two-tower main facade is structured by flat Ionic pilasters. The side walls of the church are concave.

Furnishing

inner space

Most of the furniture comes from the 18th century. The stucco work was done by Ignaz Palliari from Prague. The altarpiece was painted by Elias Dollhopf from Schlaggenwald, another altarpiece by the painter Josef Kramolin shows St. Mary Magdalene. The four figures of saints are the work of the sculptor Jakob Eberle . In addition, two Gothic sculptures have been preserved.

Peal

The original bells from 1605 were destroyed in a fire in 1759. The largest bell bore the inscription: "An honorable council and community in Carslbad let me pour, Hans Wild in Joachimsthal let me pour".

As a replacement, the church received three new bells in 1762/1763 with a total weight of 2562 pounds. The inscription on the big bell read: De munificentia augustiss. et apost. Majesty. Dominae and Regina Nostrae Mariae Theresiae, Patrocinante illustrissima comitissa Maria Antonia de Berchtold Augm. Cameriera Hae Campanae Fuse Sunt, Quas Excellentiss. Przichowsky episcopus Reg. Rhadencensis et Archiepiscopatus Pragensis Coadjutor. In the center of the bell was the inscription: "Cast Matthias Dival in Eger". The middle and small bells were cast by Johann Georg Jordan from Eger in 1762.

Deans

  • Fassmann (1720)
  • Ottizky (1727)
  • Schürer (1744)
  • Chancellor (1751)
  • Angstenberger (1757)
  • Werner (1768)
  • Neumann (1784)
  • Seidl (1802)
  • Stöhr (1813)
  • Weber (1819)
  • Judge (1824)
  • Sykora (1825)
  • Straka (1836)
  • Seifert (1839)
  • Nodin (1852)
  • Arbor (1858)
  • Eagle (1861)

literature

  • Anton Gnirs : Topography of the historical and art-historical monuments in the Karlsbad district (Prague 1933) (= Handbook of Sudeten German Cultural History. 8). Published by the Collegium Carolinum . Obtained from Anna Gnirs. Oldenbourg, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-486-56170-7 .

Web links

Commons : St. Maria Magdalena (Karlsbad)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Anton C. Loew: Concise but complete chronicle of the world-famous spa and bathing city of Karlsbad since its creation up to our day: from documents and documents. the most reliable sources . Feller, 1874 ( google.de [accessed on March 28, 2020]).
  2. ↑ August Leopold Stöhr: Emperor Karlsbad and this well-known health resort: Memories: for spa guests, non-spa guests and Karlsbad itself . Franieck, 1812 ( google.de [accessed on March 28, 2020]).
  3. ↑ Joh Gottlieb Jahn: Documentary chronicle of the city of Oelsnitz and the castle and office of Voigtsberg, historical, topographical, statistical ... Expedition des Oelsnitzer, 1841 ( google.de [accessed on March 28, 2020]).
  4. ↑ Elbogner Kreis: 15 . Ehrlich, 1847 ( google.de [accessed on March 28, 2020]).
  5. ↑ Infocentrum města Karlovy Vary: Church of St. Mary Magdalene. March 21, 2013, accessed March 28, 2020 .
  6. ↑ farnost Sv. Maří Magdalény: Farnost Karlovy Vary. Retrieved March 28, 2020 .
  7. ^ Infocentrum města Karlovy Vary: St. Andrew's cemetery church. March 21, 2013, accessed March 28, 2020 .
  8. ↑ Eduard Hlawacek: Carlsbad in history, medicinischer and topographical relationship . Dominicus, 1868 ( google.de [accessed on March 28, 2020]).
  9. ↑ Karlsbad / church register directory - GenWiki. Retrieved March 28, 2020 .
  10. ↑ Jaroslav Vyčichlo: Karlovy Vary - kostel sv. Máří Magdalény | Památky a příroda Karlovarska. Retrieved March 28, 2020 .
  11. ↑ Eduard Hlawacek: Carlsbad in history, medicinischer and topographical relationship . Dominicus, 1868 ( google.de [accessed on March 28, 2020]).