St. Moritz (Halberstadt)
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St. Moritz (also Moritzkirche ) is a Protestant church in Halberstadt . It is used by the Protestant parish of Halberstadt in the Evangelical Church in Central Germany .
history
The church housed the collegiate monastery SS. Bonifatii et Mauritii . The monastery was first established in 1034 with the patronage of St. Boniface outside the city in the village of Boßleben . In 1237/38 the monastery was moved to the city of St. Moritz, which had been in existence since before 1134. The provost office over the monastery was with the Halberstadt cathedral chapter . When the city of Halberstadt accepted the Reformation in 1540 , the church was used as a simultaneous church for centuries . The collegiate foundation was abolished in 1810 by the authorities of the Kingdom of Westphalia ; since then only the Protestant parish has used the church.
Building history
The west building comes from the Romanesque foundation building, which is unadorned and without access in the manner of a Saxon crossbar . The arched arcades of the central nave on heavy rectangular pillars are also part of it. Incidentally, the building was rebuilt uniformly after 1238 as a flat-roofed basilica with transept, separated crossing and longitudinally rectangular choir. A cloister was also laid out in this construction phase, but it was demolished in 1810.
Further restorations were carried out in the 19th century, during which the three east choir windows were replaced by two large openings in 1843 and the transept was rebuilt in 1886. In the years 1975–1982, an extensive restoration of the entire building was carried out and the space from 1886 was restored in a reduced form.
architecture
Exterior
The lower, Romanesque part of the western building is characterized by irregular masonry. There is a round window on the western front, including a second one that was walled up during the last restoration. The high bell house is provided with four round-arched panels to the west and east, which are divided by cloverleaf arches over slim pillars. The towers are completely undivided on the outside, only on the free-standing top floor are twin arcades arranged on all four sides, each of which sits under an ogival panel. Short pyramid helmets conclude . The simple exterior of the choir and nave shows pointed arched windows in the upper aisle , the south aisle wall was later renewed.
Interior
The nave is characterized by compact proportions, the arcade width increases to the west. The interior is characterized by the reconstructed setting with ornamental and floral patterns or friezes on the flat wooden beam ceiling and the walls. In the basement of the west building, between the towers, there is a rectangular room with an early Gothic groin vault, which was originally opened in full width to the nave through a large, now bricked-up pointed arch. The large wooden gallery with organ is arranged in front of it.
Furnishing
On the altar is a reredos from the years 1515/1520, which was brought here from the church in Kölleda . It shows a depiction of the crucifixion between the figures of both John, on the inside of the wings the apostles Peter and Paul as well as the saints Urban and Wipertus . The predella from around 1500 with the clever and foolish virgins comes from the Halberstadt cathedral treasure. A late Gothic sacrament house comes from the Laurentius Church in Wehrstedt . The late Romanesque baptismal font was transferred here from the Hadmersleben monastery church .
In the southern arm of the transept, the center shrine of an artistically valuable reredos with a figurative Lamentation of Christ from around 1480 of Thuringian origin is set up. In the north aisle there are three baroque wooden sculptures depicting Elias, Jesus in the Transfiguration and Moses.
The choir stalls from the third quarter of the 15th century show in the four carved cheeks the saints Andrew and Stephen , a saint bishop (possibly Boniface) and Mauritius arranged one above the other, as well as a representation of Our Lady and an ecce homo , decorated with openwork tendrils. Two further cheeks of a choir stalls with well-designed plant motifs are set up in the central nave.
In the north aisle and on the west wall of the south aisle there are three figural tombstones (late 15th century, † 1595 and † 1598). Three marble tombstones for Johann Christian Dietrich († 1758), August Friedrich Weste and his wife († 1796 and † 1805) should also be mentioned. Outside, on the west side of the northern transept, there is a tombstone for the poet Magnus Gottfried Lichtwer († 1783).
In the crossing hangs a Gothic wheel chandelier from 1488, which is formed as a large bronze hoop with filigree tracery tabernacles. A somewhat smaller wheel chandelier from 1517 hangs in the nave, a neo-Gothic wrought-iron chandelier in the choir. The oldest of the four bells from 1281 is decorated with figures, including Saint Mauritius on horseback. The other bells date from the 14th century.
The baroque organ was built in 1787 by the organ builder Balthasar Georg Christoph Jesse (1741–1795) from Halberstadt. The instrument has been changed several times and was last restored in 2003 by Orgelbau Reinhard Hüfken . It has 29 stops on two manuals and a pedal .
literature
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Saxony Anhalt I. District of Magdeburg. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-422-03069-7 , pp. 341–342.
- Alfred Wendehorst , Stefan Benz: Directory of the secular canons of the imperial church. (= Publications of the Central Institute for Franconian Regional Studies and General Regional Research at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. Vol. 35). Degener, Neustadt an der Aisch 1997, ISBN 3-7686-9146-2 , p. 78.
- Gustav Schmidt : The S. Bonifacii Abbey . In: Ders .: Document book of the Collegiate donors S. Bonifacii and S. Pauli in Halberstadt . Halle 1881, pp. IX – XXVI ( digitized version ).
Web links
- Collegiate monastery St. Bonifatius, Halberstadt. (GSN: 191) In: Germania Sacra. on-line
- Brief description on the website of the Evangelical Church District Halberstadt
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information about the organ on orgbase.nl. Retrieved January 11, 2019 .
Coordinates: 51 ° 54 ′ 1.5 ″ N , 11 ° 2 ′ 55 ″ E