Hadmersleben Monastery
The monastery Hadmersleben was a Benedictine - Abbey in Hadmersleben in today's state of Saxony-Anhalt . Today it is a station on the Romanesque Road and houses the Catholic Church “St. Peter and Paul ”and the“ Kulturhistorisches Museum Klosterkirche ”. The Hadmersleben boarding school and a number of regional companies are also located within the monastery complex.
monastery
history
Hadmersleben Monastery was founded in 961. The founding deed contains the execution mark of the six-year-old King Otto II. The copy of the founding deed of the Archdiocese of Magdeburg from 968, issued in the monastery, recalls the emperor's intrigues against the founder of the Hadmersleben monastery, Bernhard von Halberstadt . This had refused to leave Otto I. Magdeburg as archbishopric, although Pope Johannes XII. had urged all German bishops in 962 to support the emperor's project. The bishop's strict refusal led to his early death in 968 and the nickname "Iron Head". The deed of gift of King Otto III. from 994 brought the Hadmersleben monastery 24 villages in different districts of the empire.
In a document from Reinhard von Blankenburg , the then Bishop of Halberstadt, from the year 1120, it says: “The piety of the nuns of Hadmersleben has not only slumbered, but completely extinguished.” Thanks to the capable abbess Sofia I, the convention was soon successful again the construction of the Romanesque chapter house of the nuns began in 1160. With two naves and groin vaults of six bays, it is one of the largest of its kind (24.5 × 10.0 m). Then the monastery fell into disrepair again. This was stopped when the 78 nuns joined the Bursfeld congregation . The restoration of the chapter house began in 1505 under Abbess Sancta von Meynegodessen. This was done by imitation of brick on the belt arches and painting of all wall surfaces. At the same time, the flat Romanesque beam ceiling in the cloister was replaced with Gothic cross ribs in keeping with the style . In the baroque era , in order to be able to heat more effectively, the volume of the chapter hall was reduced by filling the floor by 1.20 meters. The same thing took place in the cloister, which now had closed rectangular windows instead of open arcades.
In the western part of the monastery complex there is an elongated building, the provost's office with the Romanesque chapter house for 15 lay monks. The originally existing round arches were removed during renovation work in 1751, the dormitory at the farm yard was rebuilt, and all half-timbered upper floors were renewed in stone. In the manor there is a massive pigeon tower from 1717 with a domed roof and 350 nests prefabricated from stone. The south side of the tower and the passage from the manor to the farm yard is adorned with the coat of arms of Abbess Blume, two fields with roses and two fields with the insignia of the apostles Peter and Paul . The house of the Ritterhof, built in 1649 in the Renaissance style, has been preserved unchanged. The mother of the composer Georg Philipp Telemann , Maria Haltmeier, lived here before their marriage. Her future husband, Heinrich Telemann, was rector of the Hadmersleben city school in 1668.
By decree of the King of Westphalia Jérôme Bonaparte , brother of Napoleon , on May 13th 1809 the dissolution of the monasteries Marienstuhl vor Egeln , Wöltingerode near Vienenburg , Sankt Burchardi in Halberstadt , Adersleben near Wegeleben , Teistungenburg in Eichsfeld and Hadmersleben was ordered and at the same time it was determined that the conventuals and lay sisters were to be transferred to the remaining nunneries that still existed. In 1885 the plant breeder Ferdinand Heine bought the property with the exception of the church. The large building in the north of the estate was built in 1888 as a distillery and in 1904 as a seed store on groin vaults from the 12th century. In order not to destroy the medieval impression of the monastery, Heine did not have the buildings constructed from cheap brick, but from the rubble stone that is common for this monastery.
In 1887/88 he had the Berlin architect Hans Grisebach erect a neo-baroque stair tower on the farmyard and a loggia in the Renaissance style was placed on the northern cloister . Grisebach came to Hadmersleben on the recommendation of the general director of the Berlin museums, Wilhelm von Bode , a brother-in-law of Heine. On the northern upper floor, the monastery rooms were redesigned to become the living rooms of the Heine family, a floor mosaic was laid in the vestibule and a bay window in the Renaissance and Baroque styles was added. The former bedroom now displays particularly valuable mementos from Ferdinand Heine, such as furniture, tools, an ornithological collection and prizes.
In 1965, machines were parked, crops were stored, and horses, cattle and pigs were kept on the farm with 6,500 hectares of usable space. In 1981, the restoration of the chapter house, cloister, parlatorium, abbess room, stair tower, loggia and wallpaper room began.
Furnishing
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The farm yard of the monastery consists of the large and small chapter rooms , the refectory , parlatorium and a wall with classicistic crowning vases. The upper floors contain the dormitory , the abbess's room , the guard room and guest rooms. The monastery manor is enclosed by the buildings in a square and has the extraordinary extension of almost one hectare.
In the vestibule of the upper floor there are two valuable pieces of furniture from the monastery, a Gdansk baroque walnut cabinet with allegories and masks and a trunk from the turn of the 17th to the 18th century. The abbess's reception room is furnished with a lush baroque stucco ceiling from 1693. A copy of the founding deed of Hadmersleben Monastery from 961 is issued here. Of particular importance are the original neumes (sheet music) that the nuns of the monastery sang from in the 13th century.
On a plate-like enlargement of the copper engraving by Caspar Merian von Hadmersleben in the abbess's room, the monastery on the muddy bank of the Bode in the west and the Renaissance castle of the archbishops of Magdeburg on the steep bank in the east can be seen true to the original .
The hall with its valuable classical panorama wallpaper from France from 1827/28 is remarkable. The wallpaper, a masterpiece of French printing, is considered to be the best preserved of only five copies left. It shows the liberation struggle of the Greeks against the Turks from 1821 to 1829, in which Lord Byron lost his life. The events were designed according to Colonel Voutier's war diary by the French portrait and history painter Jean Julien Deltil (1791–1863) on an area of 60 square meters. A painting of the same name by Eugène Delacroix from 1824 is in the Louvre . The wallpaper from the Neuwegersleben manor was taken over in 1965 in the conference room of the “Institute for Grain Research”, which in 1946 became Heine's breeding and cultural heritage.
The pioneer of classicism, Johann Joachim Winckelmann from Stendal , worked as a private tutor at Hadmersleben Castle in 1742/43. The ballroom with its stucco ceiling was later used to document his career. Display boards show, among other things, Winckelmann's services to modern art studies and classical archeology, his main work The history of ancient art and its influence on the Greek struggle for freedom and Goethe's book Winckelmann and his century.
Picture gallery
As a contribution of modernity to the cultural heritage of the monastery, a picture gallery with large-format pictures by the painters Michael Emig and Rudolf Pötzsch, students of Professors Werner Tübke , Rolf Kuhrt and Hans Mayer-Foreyt , was built in the dormitory from 1982 to 1989 . The paintings show the founder of the monastery, Bishop Bernhard von Halberstadt, scenes from the Peasants' War in 1525 and the history of the monastery. A painting with an SS man, prisoner and visionary Justitia commemorates the suffering of the inmates of the Buchenwald concentration camp outpost in the Hadmersleben potash mine, where parts of war aircraft were manufactured . The triptych “Harvesting on the Monastery Width” shows Heine moved into modern times.
Monastery garden
The four (about 4.3) hectare area, which is still enclosed by the partly well-preserved old stone wall, used to be the nuns' flower, herb, vegetable and fruit garden. Ferdinand Heine transformed it into an English landscape park with two swan ponds, winding paths and impressive viewing aisles.
Ferdinand Heine had 68 species of hardwood and 13 coniferous trees planted. Most of them are exotic such as the ginkgo tree, the Canadian bald cypress or the Siberian foxtail pine . The park is home to the black, green and great spotted woodpecker as well as the jay , wood pigeon and many songbirds .
Monastery church
The Romanesque-Gothic Catholic Church “St. Peter and Paul ”comes mainly from the 12th century, the oldest parts probably from the time the monastery was founded in the 10th century. These include the Ottonian capitals in the south aisle of the lower church and a wall bracket.
In the 13th and 14th centuries, the nave was renewed in two phases, a large gallery for the nuns was built above the much older lower church. During the Thirty Years War the church was looted and partially destroyed. From 1696 to 1710 the interior of the church was redesigned in Baroque style. Today the large baroque high altar and some side altars are particularly worth seeing. The statues were created by Gertrud Gröninger between 1695 and 1698. The baroque organ and the pulpit built in the same style complete the picture of the furnishings.
In 1954, the monastery church served as the backdrop for a DEFA film adaptation of the novel Das Fräulein von Scuderi by ETA Hoffmann with Willy A. Kleinau and Henny Porten in the leading roles.
On October 13, 2007, the community association "Eilsleben - Großalsleben - Hadmersleben - Hamersleben - Hötensleben - Klein Oschersleben - Oschersleben - Sommerschenburg - Völpke" was established, to which the church "St. Peter and Paul ”belonged. On November 28, 2010, today's parish “St. Marien ” , which belongs to the Deanery Egeln of the Diocese of Magdeburg .
literature
- Franz Schrader: Hadmersleben. St. Peter and Paul, Former Benedictine abbey church, today cath. Parish church. (= Small Art Guide No. 2026). Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Regensburg 1992, ISBN 978-3-7954-5755-6 .
- Walter Merfert, Gregor Peda (photographer): Hadmersleben - Former Benedictine convent (= Peda art guide No. 154). Kunstverlag Peda, Passau 2000, ISBN 3-89643-160-9 .
- Hadmersleben Monastery. 1000 years of architecture, painting, handicrafts . Society for the preservation of monuments in the district of Wanzleben, Hadmersleben 1994.
- Walter Merfert: On the Elbe and Saale, between Hakel and Heide. Material witnesses of cultural history - an art travel companion . Verlag Harry Ziethen, Oschersleben, 2nd edition 1999, ISBN 3-932090-69-1 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Homepage Hadmersleben boarding school
- ^ Official Journal of the Diocese of Magdeburg 11/2007, No. 171
- ^ Community association letter of the community association Oschersleben, edition autumn 2010, pp. 1–2
Coordinates: 51 ° 59 ′ 33 ″ N , 11 ° 18 ′ 6 ″ E