St. Peter and Paul (Reichenau-Niederzell)
St. Peter and Paul is a Romanesque columned basilica with an east tower facade on the island of Reichenau in the Niederzell district . The church belongs, together with the monastery island since 2000 on the World Heritage of UNESCO .
history
The first St. Peter's Church at this point was built in 799 by Bishop Egino of Verona , who after his resignation moved here to a cella , where he died in 802. In 799 he moved into the richly furnished cella he had founded with the permission of Abbot Waldo on the western tip of the Reichenau, which cannot have happened without years of preparation. Egino is venerated as a blessed and buried in the church he founded. He received the burial place in the choir of today's Romanesque collegiate church in the 12th century.
His church was a hall with a retracted apse , which must have been extremely richly decorated, as the preserved ornamental reliefs in the north aisle still show today. The (not visible) remains of painted wall decorations from the Carolingian era prove that this first church building was also painted. After two fires, however, the foundation structure was abandoned around 1080, and today's transept-free pillar basilica was built on the old foundations while retaining the original dimensions. The last roof work on the new church is documented in 1134. A profound redesign of the interior took place in 1750/60.
Architecture and equipment
An approximate impression of the Romanesque exterior of the church can only be obtained from the east facade with the two towers that were raised in the 15th century. The much too large window in the apse wall replaces a Romanesque central window, which was probably decorated with stained glass. An additional chapel and a walled area used to be connected to the south. An open wall enclosure can also be found on the west side of the church.
In addition to the apse painting from the late 11th century, which is impressive for today's visitors, the predecessor building of today's church is historically informative, because its ornamental and picturesque decoration can be traced back to Lombard influences, which for the later Reichenau School of Painting ( Reichenau Abbey ) from the second half of the 9th century were trend-setting. From the construction of the 11th century, the column arcades with their austere, ornamentally decorated capitals have been preserved.
The interior of St. Peter and Paul was redesigned in the Rococo style around 1750/1760 : the windows were enlarged, the flat wooden ceiling was replaced by a flat stucco vault and the organ gallery was added in the western part.
The small Engino chapel, which is used for the prayers of the hours of the Benedictines of the Cella St. Benedikt, is accessible via a side entrance .
organ
The organ goes back to the year 1783 and Johann Baptist Lang from Überlingen. It has 11 registers , divided between a manual and a pedal . The disposition is as follows:
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- Coupling : I / P (valve coupling)
- Playing aids : tremulant (whole organ), chorale fore combination
Bells
There are five bells from three centuries. According to the latest excavations, a bell foundry school from the 14th century can be assumed in Niederzell, from which the three existing bells also come.
|
No. |
Surname |
Casting year |
Caster |
Diameter (mm) |
Mass (kg, approx.) |
Chime |
| 1 | Osanna | 1521 | Nicolaus Oberacer | 1,150 | f sharp 1 +1 | |
| 2 | Peter | 14th century | unknown | 920 | 500 | ais 1 +5 |
| 3 | 14th century | unknown | 770 | 300 | d 2 +9 | |
| 4th | Mary, All Saints' Day | 1778 | Leonhard Rosenlecher | 450 | a 2 +4 | |
| 5 | 14th century | unknown | 500 | 100 | h 2 +4 |
Personalities
Personalities associated with St. Peter and Paul
- Guido Andris (1879–1974), Catholic pastor from 1942 to 1970
- Nikolaus Egender OSB (* 1923), Benedictine, abbot of the Dormition Abbey in Jerusalem (1979–1995), founder of the Cella Reichenau near St. Peter and Paul (2001)
- Hugo Eymann OSB (* 1944), Benedictine of the Cella Reichenau near St. Peter and Paul, Old Testament scholar
literature
- Peter Schmidt-Thomé: A medieval altar plate with inscriptions from the former collegiate church of St. Peter and Paul in Reichenau-Niederzell. In: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg , 7th year 1978, issue 2, pp. 82–85. ( PDF; 8.3 MB )
- Wolfgang Erdmann: The excavations in St. Peter and Paul in Reichenau-Niederzell. An overview. In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg , 1st year 1972, issue 3, pp. 8-18. ( PDF; 9.0 MB )
Web links
- Reichenau Island
- Cella St. Benedikt Reichenau Niederzell
- A tour of St. Peter and Paul in a 360 ° panorama
Coordinates: 47 ° 42 '24.8 " N , 9 ° 2' 39.2" E