St. Salvator (Augsburg)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jesuit College and St. Salvator Church in Augsburg on a painting of the 17th / 18th centuries century

The Jesuit Church of St. Salvator in Augsburg was part of the Augsburg Jesuit College . Erected in 1582/84, it served as a place of worship until 1807, then was profaned and demolished in 1872. The art-historically valuable interior has been partially preserved and is now in the Alte Pinakothek in Munich.

history

16th Century

In the course of the establishment of the Augsburg Jesuit College, made possible by a foundation of the Fugger family , the construction of the associated church began. On March 12, 1582 the foundation stone was laid by the Jesuit and visitor P. Oliverius Manare. The main features of the renaissance building were completed by 1583 and were consecrated in 1584 by the Augsburg auxiliary bishop Michael Dornvogel in honor of Jesus Christ in his capacity as Salvator mundi . The plans for the church building probably came from the master builder Johannes Holl , Elias Holl's father . The barrel-vaulted choir was about 18 meters long and 15 meters wide. The semicircular apse with a semi-dome was about 7.5 meters high and was surrounded by two pilasters . The tower had an onion dome. The Fugger family donated additional money and valuable equipment to equip the church.

17th century

Jesuit college and church on an engraving by Simon Grimm, 1679

In 1656, a solemn nine-day prayer began in the church in honor of St. Franz Xaver , which from then on was repeated every year. Around 1661 the church received two side chapels in honor of St. Ignatius and St. Franz Xaver. Since 1666 the titular festival began on August 6th. The English ladies made a sumptuous embroidered antipendium for the church . The altar of St. Ignatius donated a mass dress to Countess Domicella Johanna von Oettingen and an unknown person gave four silver candlesticks. In 1673/74 an oratorio was built and the interior was redesigned in the Baroque style . The choir was stuccoed and provided with eight figures of saints. The high altar was given a marble frame and a new altarpiece painted by Georg Melchior Schmittner. The pulpit was also redesigned and a new organ was installed. In 1694 the merchant Anton Ekhart donated the body of the martyr Theodorus to the church, which was placed on the altar of Our Lady.

18th century

In 1701/04 the church was extended to a cross shape with side extensions. The ceiling painting by the painter Johann Georg Knappich, for which he received 400 florins, was probably created around the same time. In the following years five new altars were purchased, the nave near the portal was fitted with a wrought-iron grille and the church was given a new external appearance. The Kreuzkapelle was renewed by Matthias Lotter. The Fugger family donated 1,500 fl., The merchant Anton Ekhart 5,000 fl., And the episcopal rentmaster Johannes Straub 6,000 fl. The latter also found his resting place in the church for the renovation and expansion. During the siege of Augsburg in the Spanish War of Succession in 1703, a bomb hit the building, smashing the roof and the vaults and shattering the windows. The church remained closed during the events.

In 1758, Baroness Maria Victoria Amalia von Ulm donated 5,000 florins to the church in order to have a St. Mass in front of the altar of St. Franz Xavier to celebrate the conversion of sinners . In 1759 the rector Father Joseph Welden issued the order that a solemn litany of saints in honor of St. Antony was to be kept. In 1764/66 the interior was redesigned in the Rococo style , with the altars being renewed, the columns marbled and the windows enlarged. The nave also received a new ceiling fresco by the painter Gottfried Bernhard Götz . In 1767 the rector founded the Brotherhood of Good Death , which was moved to the Holy Cross Church after the Jesuit Church was closed. After the Jesuit order was abolished in 1773, the church continued to be used. The Jesuits were now responsible for worship as secular priests .

19th century

On the morning of October 8, 1807 at 8 a.m., the last service took place in St. Salvator with great sympathy from the population. In 1808 the church was placed under the administration of the military authorities and converted into a barracks. In 1833 the building became the property of the city and served at times as a wool store. The interior decoration, which is important in terms of art history, was completely expanded and sold by 1835.

The state of construction deteriorated visibly over time. In 1872 the building was auctioned for demolition and then completely demolished. The foundations of the older buildings were also removed. In 1991 archaeological excavations were carried out near the site of the former Jesuit church and parts of a cellar from the 15th / 16th centuries were made. Century uncovered, which was filled with demolition material from the church. In addition, the foundations of the northeast wall were found.

Furnishing

The high altar of the Jesuit church in the parish church of St. Nikolaus in Stadtbergen

The ceiling painting by Johann Georg Knappich showed the heavenly Father in his glory in the front part , the Ascension of Christ in the middle and the fight of the Archangel Michael with the dragon in the back . The ceiling piece by Gottfried Bernhard Götz represented the birth of Christ in the choir and the crucifixion of the Lord in the nave . Mathias Lotter made the rich stucco work. The Fugger coat of arms was attached to the choir vault. On the triumphal arch that separated the choir from the nave, the chronostitch read: " eCCe DeVs salVator MeVs ".

The baroque high altar, probably from 1702/10, has been in the parish church of St. Nikolaus in Stadtbergen since 1835 . On it was a tabernacle with an antependium made of gilded copper with decorations made of silver, which later stood on the high altar of the Basilica of St. Ulrich and Afra . On the altars were the ornate reliquaries of St. Theodorus and St. Bonifacius issued. Various paintings were acquired in 1809 by the then state Bavarian Central Picture Gallery for an amount of 2,555 florins. In the church were:

Sacred Heart Choir and nave

  • the high altar painting Transfiguration of Christ by Johann Georg Melchior Schmittner
  • the altarpiece Maria in Glorie by Christoph Schwarz, around 1584
  • the altarpiece Christ appears to St. Ignaz by Johann Andreas Wolff
  • the altarpiece Glorification of St. Franz Xaver by Johann Andreas Wolff, from 1702
  • the altarpiece of St. Mary on the Flight into Egypt by Joseph Mages
  • the altarpiece The Three Kings by Johann Heinrich Schönfeld
  • the altarpiece depicting the birth of Christ by Johann Heinrich Schönfeld

Kreuzkapelle

  • the winged altar of Christ on the cross, by Hans Burgkmair d. Ä. , around 1519
  • the altarpiece the painful Mother of God , by Johann Andreas Wolff

Sebastian Chapel

  • Sebastian altar from the Sebastian chapel by Hans Holbein the Elder Ä.

  • Middle part of the crucifixion altar from the Kreuzkapelle by Hans Burgkmair the Elder. Ä.

  • Altarpiece Maria in Glorie by Christoph Schwarz

  • Altarpiece Glorification of St. Franz Xaver by Johann Andreas Wolff

Crypts

There were two tombs under the church. Because of the desecration of the grave by soldiers, the entrance to the crypt was buried with gravel in 1814. From 1825 to 1833 95 bones were reburied in the Catholic churchyard. A grave slab on the outer wall of the St. Michael cemetery chapel still reminds of the event today . The inscription reads: “Here rest the bones of the Jesuits, which were translated from the crypt of their church here in 1833. IN HOC TUMULO OSSA PATRUM. SOC. JESUS ​​QUEIS NEQUE. MORTUIS. GENIUS. SAECULI. QUIETEM. CONCESSIT. HEIC. THE. XXVI. NOV. MDCCCXXXIII. BY. PIOS. CIVES. AUGUST. TRANSLATA. CARNIS. RESURRECT. EXSPECTANT UT BENEMERENTIBUS. A. DEO. SALVATORE. CUJUS. NOUN. PARTAVERUNT. CORONA. AETERNITATIS. IMPONATURE. ” In translation: “ On this hill await the bones of the fathers of the Society of Jesus, to whom neither in life nor in death the zeitgeist granted rest; on November 26th, 1833, brought here by pious citizens of Augsburg the resurrection of the flesh, so that to them who deserve it, from God their Savior; whose name they bore, the crown of eternity would be placed on. "

literature

  • Wolfram Baer and Hans Joachim Hecker (eds.): The Jesuits and their St. Salvator School in Augsburg 1582. Catalog for the exhibition of the Augsburg city archive with the Augsburg diocese on the 400th anniversary of the foundation , M. Lipp Verlag, Munich, 1982
  • Placidus Ignatius Braun: History of the Jesuit College in Augsburg, Verlag Jakob Giel, Munich, 1822

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Reinhold Baumstark: Rome in Bavaria . Hirmer Verlag GmbH, 1997, ISBN 978-3-7774-7600-1 ( google.de [accessed June 7, 2019]).
  2. ↑ Mark Häberlein: The Fugger: History of a family from Augsburg (1367-1650) . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-17-018472-5 ( google.de [accessed on June 9, 2019]).
  3. ↑ Johann Georg Knappich. Retrieved June 7, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Sion. A voice in the church for our time. A rel. Zeitschrift ... a home library for clergy and devout Catholic families. Edited by an association of Catholics a. red. by Thomas Wiser u. W. Reithmeier . Kollmann, 1872 ( google.de [accessed June 7, 2019]).
  5. ↑ Sion. A voice in the church for our time. A rel. Zeitschrift ... a home library for clergy and devout Catholic families. Edited by an association of Catholics a. red. by Thomas Wiser u. W. Reithmeier . Kollmann, 1872 ( google.de [accessed June 9, 2019]).
  6. ^ Bavarian Main State Archives, Jesuits Upper German Province: The Jesuits in Bavaria, 1549–1773: Exhibition of the Bavarian Main State Archives and the Upper German Province of the Society of Jesus . AH Konrad Verlag, 1991, ISBN 978-3-87437-307-4 ( google.de [accessed on June 8, 2019]).
  7. ^ Augsburg & its surroundings . Volkhart, 1838 ( google.de [accessed June 7, 2019]).
  8. ↑ Augsburger Postzeitung: 1872 . Haas & Grabherr, 1872 ( google.de [accessed June 7, 2019]).
  9. ↑ Martin Klonnek: Augsburg Land: Sights of the district of Augsburg . epubli, 2015, ISBN 978-3-7375-3220-4 ( google.de [accessed June 7, 2019]).
  10. ^ Franz Eugen Joseph Anton von Seida and Landensberg: Historical-statistical description of all church, school, educational and charitable institutions in Augsburg: from their origins to the most recent times. 1 . Stage, 1811 ( google.de [accessed June 8, 2019]).
  11. ↑ Explanations of the ideas engraved in copper, from the history of the imperial city of Augsburg, in historical letters to a woman . Stage, 1765 ( google.de [accessed June 7, 2019]).
  12. ↑ Collection | Mary in Glory. Retrieved June 7, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Collection | Glorification of St. Franz Xaver. Retrieved June 7, 2019 .
  14. ↑ Collection | Crucifixion altar, central panel: Christ on the cross. Retrieved June 7, 2019 .
  15. ↑ Collection | Sebastian Altar: Martyrdom of St. Sebastian. Retrieved June 7, 2019 .
  16. ^ Ferdinand Seydel: The leader on the graves ... in Augsburg . Volkhart, 1839 ( google.de [accessed June 9, 2019]).