City fortifications Quedlinburg

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Schreckensdüvel
Tower opm boobs plan on the street behind the wall
High tower

The city ​​fortification of Quedlinburg is the listed historical city ​​fortification of the city of Quedlinburg in Saxony-Anhalt .

location

It surrounds the historic old and new town of Quedlinburg. The systems that are preserved today are located in the area of ​​the streets Adelheidstraße, An den Fischteichen, Bahnhofstraße, Carl-Ritter-Straße, Donndorfstraße, Hinter der Mauer, Kleersstraße and Wallstraße. The city fortification is registered in the Quedlinburg monument register. The Quedlinburger Landwehr is also located in the vicinity of the city .

Architecture and history

The first documentary mention of the city fortifications around Quedlinburg's old town is from 1179 as murus forensis or murus civitatis . It is believed that the earliest city fortifications were built around 1150.

It is believed that the old town wall had three gates. In addition to the Hohen Tor in the south towards the Burgberg and Westendorf , the Steinbrückentor in the southeast at the Steinbrücke and the Gröperntor in the north on the road to Halberstadt . The Quedlinburger Neustadt, built from the second half of the 12th century, was probably provided with its own fortification from 1225. The Pölkentor existed in the south and the Oeringer Tor in the east . There was no gate to the north in the Neustadt. There were a total of 17 tall towers and 14 bastions.

A message from 1310 suggests that the city fortifications had already reached their current size. After 1337, on the occasion of a feud with the guardians of the Quedlinburg Monastery , the Counts of Regenstein , the city walls were repaired in 1336. In addition, seven more city towers were built, four of which are still preserved today.

Both cities received a common fortification. The eastern wall of the old town fortification could be abandoned as an inner wall. Other data indicate that the two cities were separated by fortifications until the middle of the 17th century.

There is a documentary mention of the Pölkentorturm in 1352 . In 1576/77 the Gröperntor was demolished and rebuilt.

There were a total of 27 gate and wall towers, ten of which have been preserved in whole or in part. Today the High Tower , the Kruschitzkyturm , the Powder Tower , the Schreckendüvel and the heavily shaped mirror tower still exist in the old town . In the Neustadt there are the Gänsehirtenturm , the Kaiserturm , the Schweinhirtenturm , the Turm opm Tittenplan and the Martinsturm . The city fortifications also included various bastions, such as the bastion at the Aegidi Church , the Kruschitzky bastion and the bastion at Wordgarten .

The city wall was built from sandstone blocks and has a height of 4.10 meters to 4.70 meters. In places it was up to 7 meters high. The wall thickness is about 1.20 meters. The old town wall was 2290 meters long and that of the new town 1570 meters. 1300 people were provided for defense. More than three kilometers, some with battlements , have been preserved. In front of the city wall there was a moat, which was mentioned as fossatum civitatis as early as 1288 . It was 25 to 50 meters wide and 5 to 6 meters deep. Apart from the fish ponds on the Kleers, the ditch was not filled with water.

The fortification ultimately had seven city gates: the Düstere Tor , the Gröperntor, the Hohe Tor, the Neuweger Tor , the Oeringer Tor and the Pölkentor. The imperial tower has been considered the seventh city gate since the discovery of a walled-up archway in 2003.

All city gates were demolished in the course of the 19th century from 1828 onwards. Most of the ramparts and moats of the city fortifications were abandoned in 1820 and 1828. The trenches were filled in and used as garden land. In some places in the urban area its course can still be seen. In the years 1857 and 1863 wall breakthroughs were made in Weberstrasse and Reichenstrasse in the north of the city in order to facilitate traffic. In 1894 a breakthrough took place in the Marschlinger Hof and in 1896 in Steinholzstraße, both in the western part of the city. In 1895 the city wall was also opened in the east, in Mauerstraße.

The counter wall is still in place in the Wallstrasse area . The course can also be seen in Kleerstrasse and the properties on Adelheidstrasse. In 1954 the fish ponds on the Kleers were filled in.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. Falko Grubitzsch in: Georg Dehio : Handbook of German Art Monuments . Saxony-Anhalt. Volume 1: Ute Bednarz, Folkhard Cremer and others: Magdeburg administrative region. Revision. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich et al. 2002, ISBN 3-422-03069-7 , page 741
  2. Hans-Hartmut Schauer, Quedlinburg, specialist workshop / world cultural heritage , Verlag Bauwesen Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-345-00676-6 , page 30
  3. Falko Grubitzsch in: Georg Dehio : Handbook of German Art Monuments . Saxony-Anhalt. Volume 1: Ute Bednarz, Folkhard Cremer and others: Magdeburg administrative region. Revision. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich et al. 2002, ISBN 3-422-03069-7 , page 741
  4. Hans-Hartmut Schauer, Quedlinburg, specialist workshop / world cultural heritage , Verlag Bauwesen Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-345-00676-6 , page 30 f.
  5. Falko Grubitzsch in: Georg Dehio : Handbook of German Art Monuments . Saxony-Anhalt. Volume 1: Ute Bednarz, Folkhard Cremer and others: Magdeburg administrative region. Revision. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich et al. 2002, ISBN 3-422-03069-7 , page 741
  6. Hans-Hartmut Schauer, Quedlinburg, specialist workshop / world cultural heritage , Verlag Bauwesen Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-345-00676-6 , page 31
  7. ^ Wolfgang Hoffmann: Quedlinburg. A guide to the world heritage city. 13th edition. Schmidt-Buch-Verlag, Wernigerode 2010, ISBN 978-3-928977-19-7 , page 63
  8. Hans-Hartmut Schauer, Quedlinburg, specialist workshop / world cultural heritage , Verlag Bauwesen Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-345-00676-6 , page 31
  9. Hendrik Kranert, teams once rumbled through the room in the Mitteldeutsche Zeitung, published online on April 24, 2003

Coordinates: 51 ° 47 '14.1 "  N , 11 ° 9' 4.6"  E