Staroje Chaplino
Coordinates: 64 ° 25 ′ N , 172 ° 15 ′ W
Staroje Tschaplino (also Tschaplino , Russian Старое Чаплино , yupik Ungasik ) is a former settlement in the Prowidenija Rayon of the Chukchi Autonomous Okrug in Russia . The place that existed before the arrival of the first Europeans or Americans was dissolved in 1959 and its Eskimo residents were mainly relocated to Novoje Tschaplino , which had been founded a year earlier .
geography
The village was on Mys Tschaplina (Cape Tschaplin) in the southeast of the Chukchi Peninsula . A shallow spit of sand and gravel jutting out into the sea about nine kilometers separates the lagoon lake Naiwak from the Bering Sea . The Russian name Tschaplino is derived from the name of the cape. Friedrich Benjamin von Lütke named it after Pyotr Avraamowitsch Tschaplin, who took part in Vitus Bering's first Kamchatka expedition as guardian .
history
Staroje Tschaplino had a long history under the Yupik name Ungasik. In its heyday in the 19th century, up to 500 people lived here. Later it was also the largest village of the Siberian Eskimos, who lived mainly from hunting whales and walruses . The closest relatives of the resident clans lived on St. Lawrence Island , only 75 km away , which has belonged to the United States since the sale of Alaska in 1867 . American whalers reinforced their crew with Eskimos from the village and traders brought foreign goods into the place.
After the victory of the Soviet power in the Far East, economic conditions changed for the Eskimos from 1923 onwards. The hitherto private trade was placed in the hands of local cooperatives . From the mid-1930s, collectivization was promoted. Chaplino had one of the first kolkhozes on Chukotka. At the same time, the Eskimos were urged to abandon smaller settlements and move to larger villages like Tschaplino or Naukan , where schools, shops and permanent homes were built. In 1952 the residents of Siqlluk (8 families, 50 people) and Qiwaaq (14 families, 80 people) left their villages and moved to Tschaplino. Russians and Chukchi increasingly lived in the originally purely Eskimo Tschaplino. 1955 Tschaplino had 300 to 350 inhabitants. Around this time the authorities began to put pressure on the villagers to get their consent to relocate the place to Cachet Bay, some 31 km northwest. Reference was made to the exposed location of Tschaplinos on the flat Cape Tschaplin, which meant a danger from tsunamis . In Novoje Chaplino, new, heatable houses connected to the electricity network were built for all families. Resistance from some Eskimos who did not want to stray so far from their traditional hunting grounds was eventually broken, and the move took place in two stages in 1958 and 1959. The Staroye Chaplinos buildings were systematically destroyed. A lighthouse , a polar and a military radar station remained .
Personalities
- Juri Michailowitsch Anko (1930–1960), Eskimo poet and aviator
Web links
- Photographs of Staroye Chaplinos on the website of the St. Petersburg Chamber of Art
- 1987 topographic map
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alexia Bloch, Laurel Kendall: The Museum at the End of the World . Encounters in the Russian Far East. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia 2004, ISBN 0-8122-3799-4 , pp. 34 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ Daria Morgounova: Eskimoisk i Fjernøsten ( Memento from November 11, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) on the website of the Danish Language Museum (Danish).
- ↑ Bent Nielsen: Эскимосские морзверобои Чукотки и смена политических режимов в России (PDF; 323 kB). In: Этнографическое Обозрение 6/2007, pp. 156–170 (Russian).
- ↑ Г. А. Меновщиков: Местные названия на карте Чукотки. Краткий топонимический словарь (PDF; 14.2 MB). Магаданское книжное издательство, 1972, p. 163 (Russian).
- ^ Sarah Hurst: Alaska-Chukotka: when cousins reunite . In: openDemocracy on April 15, 2011 (English).
- ↑ a b Igor Krupnik, Mikhail Chlenov: The end of "Eskimo land": Yupik relocation in Chukotka, 1958–1959 . In: Études / Inuit / Studies . Volume 31, No. 1-2, 2007, pp. 59-81 (English). doi : 10.7202 / 019715ar
- ↑ Russ Rowlett: Lighthouses of Russia: Eastern Chukotka ( English ) In: The Lighthouse Directory . University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . Retrieved November 10, 2018.