Black-spotted winker frog
| Black-spotted winker frog | ||||||||||||
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Staurois guttatus |
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| Staurois guttatus | ||||||||||||
| ( Günther , 1858) |
The black-spotted winker frog ( Staurois guttatus , Greek stauros = cross, pole, Latin guttatus = speckled, syn .: Rana guttata .) Is a species of the genus winker frogs ( Staurois ) from the family of real frogs (Ranidae). In English it is referred to as the Black-spotted Stream Frog (German black dotted river frog ).
The species was first described by Günther in 1858 as Ixalus guttatus .
distribution
The black-spotted winker frog is endemic to Borneo in the Malay states of Sabah and Sarawak as well as in the Sultanate of Brunei and the Indonesian part of Kalimantan . It occurs up to an altitude of about 1500 meters. It is often found at waterfalls in the hilly rainforests of Borneo. The species has not yet been studied for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
Habitat
It inhabits both small and large, rocky, cascading streams and rivers. He often sits on rocks in the impact zone of waterfalls.
features
Males are usually a little longer than 30 mm, females reach up to 55 mm. The body is stocky with a wedge-shaped snout .
The tadpoles are reddish with bluish shimmer . Her eyes are small and seem stunted. They are highly specialized in the thick piles of leaves in tide pools at the edge of rivers as a habitat. They resemble the tadpoles of the South American glass frog (Centrolenidae).
behavior
The black-spotted winker frog is diurnal . At night it is usually found resting on small trees, preferably overhanging a waterfall.
Waving
The black-spotted winker frog is, along with Staurois tuberilinguis, one of two species of the genus Staurois that engage in visual communication. The reason for this is said to be the noisy surroundings of waterfalls or rapids, where they prefer to stay, which make acoustic communication too difficult. This type of communication is now known from 15 frog species from five families (Hylidae, Leptodactylidae, Micrixalidae, Myobatrachidae, Ranidae) and developed independently of one another. It is operated by both males and females.
This type of communication can be done by lifting one or both legs, slowly stretching them outward and backward in an arc, and then returning them to the body. The colored webs become visible. This signal is quickly recognized by all other frogs. The repertoire of movements is very diverse. It also consists of waving, lifting or drumming the feet, waving the arm, opening the mouth or vocal bladder inflation without vocalization. According to this behavior, the species in question are also called foot-flagging frogs.
Sounds are only emitted to signal the location of the calling frog and to draw attention to the following optical signal.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Entry in Amphibian Species of the World of the American Museum of Natural History (no permanent link, enter lemma as search term)
- ^ Images by S. guttatus with English names
- ↑ a b c Entry by S. guttatus on page about the Borneo frogs ( Memento of the original from October 8, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Report on research into the waving behavior of these frogs
- ↑ Blog entry about the behavior of these frogs ( memento of the original from October 24, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed December 21, 2011
literature
- Edward Drinker Cope : Sketch of the primary groups of Batrachia s. Salientia. Natural History Review, 1865. New Series 5, pp. 97-120, 1865
- Hans-Joachim Herrmann : Terrarium Atlas. Volume 2: frogs. Mergus Verlag, Melle 2005 ISBN 3-88244-073-2 .
Web links
- Website with images of S. guttatus
- Entry in Amphibian Species of the World of the American Museum of Natural History (no permanent link, enter lemma as search term)
- Staurois guttatus at Amphibiaweg.org
- Project website of the Schönbrunn Zoo about researching waving behavior