Ste-Geneviève (Paris)
The Abbey Sainte-Geneviève was a significant, on a hill, the Montagne Sainte-Geneviève in Paris ( 5th Arrondissement ) next to the present parish church of St-Etienne-du-Mont located Canons Regular -Stift, of which only a few remains under protection of monuments that have lasted for centuries.
The origins of the monastery go back to the 5th century, when the Frankish king Clovis I ordered the construction of the Saints-Apôtres Pierre et Paul church , in which the later patron saint of Paris, Saint Geneviève, was buried.
In 1148 Suger of Saint-Denis founded a convent of the Augustinian Canons of Saint Victor near Sainte-Geneviève . Around 1180 the old church was replaced by a new collegiate church, which later fell into disrepair and was finally demolished.
In the 17th century - since 1634, Sainte-Geneviève had been the motherhouse for all regular canon monasteries in France - the Genovevian canons (French: Génovévains ) planned to replace their modest Gothic-style church with a new one in the style of the new era of Louis XIV . They wanted on the one hand to demonstrate the wealth and power of their congregation and on the other hand to create a more appropriate place of worship for the patron saint of Paris.
Another 70 years would pass before the final decision on a new church was made. It was not until 1744 that a new church was rebuilt again. Because when King Louis XV. was seriously ill in Metz , he vowed to have a church built on the summit of Montagne Sainte-Geneviève in the event of his recovery, entirely according to the wishes of the Genovevians. Another ten years passed, during which the financing of the royal construction site had to be secured.
Shortly before the French Revolution , the architect Germain Soufflot was commissioned to build the monumental new monastery church, which today serves as a hall of fame under the name Panthéon .
The few parts of the building still preserved from the abbey date from the 13th to 17th centuries and were integrated into the renowned Lycée Henri IV . Of the former collegiate church, which was largely destroyed in the 19th century to make way for Rue Clovis , only the bell tower remains.
One of the monastery's treasures was an important library, the preserved holdings of which are now in the nearby Sainte-Geneviève Library .
Significance of St. Geneviève for the history of science
Since the time of Petrus Abelardus, the so-called Free Masters have been to be found in the vicinity of St. Geneviève as the forerunners of those authorized to teach at the universitas; the Abbot of St. Geneviève, in addition to the Chancellor (university) of the university, had the right to authorize teaching. St. Geneviève was one of the most important monastery schools alongside the episcopal auditorium and St-Victor (Paris) , the individual schools of the Free Masters were somewhere on Mont Ste. Geneviève. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the colleges of Cambrai, de Montaigu and de Reims to the north of the abbey provided further rooms for the law faculty until a new building was erected opposite the Panthèon. The Universitas did not have its own library, so it used the famous library of St. Geneviève. B. was also available to the Collège de Sorbon until it built its own library. Together with the Notre Dame Cathedral, the Church of St. Geneviève was one of the two doctoral sites at the university.
literature
- Soufflots Sainte-Geneviève and the French church building of the 18th century . In: University of Munich. Art History Seminar (Ed.): New Munich Contributions to Art History . tape 2 . de Gruyter, Berlin 1961, DNB 453751660 , p. 183 (Dissertation University of Munich 1961).
- Konrad Rückbrod, University and College. Building history and building type, Darmstadt 1977, ISBN 3-534-07634-6
Web links
- Ancienne abbaye Sainte-Geneviève in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b data.bnf.fr
- ↑ Rückbrod p. 10
- ↑ Rückbrod p. 28
- ↑ Rückbrod p. 86
- ↑ Rückbrod p. 87
- ↑ Rückbrod p. 90
- ↑ Rückbrod p. 92
- ↑ Rückbrod p. 96
Coordinates: 48 ° 50 ′ 45.2 " N , 2 ° 20 ′ 52.2" E