St-Victor (Paris)

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The monastery 1655

Saint-Victor was a royal abbey located southeast of medieval Paris . It stood outside the city walls of Étienne Marcel in what is now the 5th arrondissement .

history

The former St. Victor Abbey Church in Paris

Saint-Victor was founded in 1113 by King Ludwig VI. founded on the left bank of the Bièvre . The monastery housed a community of monks around the theologian Wilhelm von Champeaux , the first great Parisian theologian, and was one of the intellectual and spiritual centers of Paris from the start.

William of Champeaux had given up his job as a scholastic in Notre-Dame to retire to a monastery. However, the arrival of his students soon led him to resume teaching and to establish what would later become the Congregation of the Augustinian Canons of St. Victor , which was to quickly become the lead abbey of an order with 30 abbeys and 40 priories , whose rule of the order from the first abbot, Geudion.

The fact that Wilhelm von Champeaux came from this foundation certainly contributed to the rapid development of the monastery school. Saint-Victor was one of the most active centers of intellectual life in the 12th century , and its influence reached across western Christianity. The abbey gave the church seven cardinals . According to Wilhelm von Champeaux, Hugo von St. Viktor (between 1118 and 1141) was especially important. There are close ties between the teachers in Saint-Victor and Bernhard von Clairvaux (around 1090–1153), who in turn recommended them to Petrus Lombardus . In addition to theology , the seven liberal arts at Saint-Victor received special attention. Hugo von St. Viktor let the prevailing view, according to which the knowledge of the world is a whole, which leads to the knowledge of God - in Saint-Victor one studied above all the classical works and logic , but also the natural sciences and cosmography . Saint-Victor was not only a center of Bible study, but also the production site of glossed Bibles and manuscripts with Victorian exegesis that can be traced all over Europe .

Behind the abbot's palace were the Romanesque church, monastery, library and scriptorium . Gardens and orchards on the other side of the Bièvre stretched down to the Seine. The monastery grounds, surrounded by a wall, had the shape of a trapezoid and extended to today's Jardin des Plantes . At the southern tip of the site on the corner of the old Chemin Devers-Seine (which, as the name suggests, led down to the Seine, today's Rue Cuvier) stood the Tour Alexandre, which was used as a monastic prison in the Middle Ages. In the years 1686–87, the tower received the Fontaine Saint-Victor, an opulent wall fountain by an unknown master, which was demolished in 1840 together with the Tour Alexandre and replaced by the Fontaine Cuvier .

A place of the same name soon developed around the monastery in its protected area. The street that led out of Paris to the monastery was called Rue Saint-Victor, the associated city gate Porte Saint-Victor. The monastery was abandoned during the French Revolution in 1790 and finally demolished in 1811 when a new warehouse was built for the Parisian wine merchants. Today the place belongs to the 5th arrondissement as Quartier Saint-Victor .

The Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC) now stands on the site of the Abbey of Saint-Victor in the Middle Ages ; Rue Jussieu in front of it runs through the former choir of the monastery church. The vegetable and fruit gardens of the monastery are now cultivated by the University of Denis Diderot (Jussieu) - further down to the Seine.

Gaius Marius Victorinus is accepted by some as the namesake of the church ; other researchers refer the name to the martyr Victor of Marseilles .

Abbots

Hugo of Saint Victor
  • 1108–1113: William I of Champeaux
  • 1113-1155: Gilduin
  • 1155-1166: Achard
  • 1166: Gunther
  • 1162–1172: Ernis / Ervis
  • 1172-1192: Guerin
  • 1195–1197: Robert I.
  • 1197–1198: Bernard I.
  • 1198-1203: Absalon
  • 1203-1229: Johannes Teutonicus
  • 1229–1234: Pierre I.
  • 1234-1241: Raoul
  • 1241-1254: Ascelin
  • 1254-1264: Robert II.
  • 1264-1274: Thibaud
  • 1274–1289: Pierre II.
  • 1289-1294: André I. de Galles
  • 1294-1300: Eudes
  • 1300-1302: Guy
  • 1302-1311: Guillaume II. De Resbez
  • 1311-1329: Jean II.
  • 1329-1345: Aubert de Mailly
  • 1345-1349: Guillaume III. de Saint-Lô
  • 1349-1360: Jean III. de Bruyères
  • 1360-1367: Bernard II. De Mezo
  • 1367–1383: Pierre IV. De Saulz
  • 1383-1400: Pierre V. Le Duc
  • June to October 1400: Jean IV. Le Boiteux
  • 1400-1432: Geoffroy Pellegay
  • 1432-1448: André II. Barre
  • 1448-1458: Jean V. de La Masse
  • 1458-1474: Jean VI. de Nicolaÿ
  • 1474-1488: Germain Le Moine
  • 1488-1514: Nicaise Delorme
  • 1514–1543: Jean VII. Bordier
  • 1543-1550: Antoine I. Caracciolo de Melphe
  • 1550–1554: Pierre VI. Lizet
  • 1554–1578: Louis I de Lorraine-Guise
  • 1578-1607: Charles de Lorraine
  • 1607–1664: François I de Harlay de Champvallon
  • 1664–1706: Pierre VII. Du Camboust de Coislin
  • 1706–1728: Philippe-Antoine Gualterio
  • 1728–1764: François II. De Fitz-James
  • 1764–1788: Antoine II. De Malvin de Montazet
  • 1788-1790: François III. de Fontanges († 1806)

literature

  • Rainer Berndt : Sankt Viktor, school of . In: Theologische Realenzyklopädie (TRE), Vol. 30, Berlin / New York 1999, pp. 42–46
  • Rainer Berndt: The library of the Saint-Victor abbey in Paris: how it became, its works, its value. In: Andrea Rapp (Ed.): For research into medieval libraries . Frankfurt am Main 2009, pp. 47-60
  • Björn Gebert: Saint Viktor of Paris and the Victorians. Institutional structures of a medieval monastery association , in: Anette Löffler in collaboration with Björn Gebert ( ed .): Legitur in necrologio victorino. Studies on the necrology of the Abbey of Saint-Victor in Paris (= Corpus Victorinum, Instrumenta 7), Münster, ISBN 978-3-402-10441-5 , pp. 119–171
  • Martin Schoebel : Archives and property of St. Viktor's Abbey in Paris . (= Paris Historical Studies 31), Bouvier, Bonn 1991, ISBN 3-416-80597-6 ( digitized version )
  • Gunnar Teske: The letter collections of the 12th century in St. Viktor, Paris: Origin, tradition and significance for the history of the abbey . (= Studies and documents on Gallia Pontificia 2), Bonn 1993, ISBN 3-416-02464-8
  • Matthias M. Tischler: The Bible in Saint-Victor in Paris. The book of books as a yardstick for scientific, social and religious upheavals in the European high and late Middle Ages . (Corpus Victorinum. Instrumenta 6). Münster 2014, ISBN 978-3-402-10433-0
  • Ursula Vones-Liebenstein: Saint-Victor in Paris. From the royal monastery to the congregation (Canonici Regulares Sancti Augustini: Series of publications by the Academy of the Augustinian Canons of Windesheim 12). Paring 2007, ISBN 3-936197-09-1

Web links

Commons : Saint-Victor Abbey  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rainer Berndt: Sankt Viktor, school of . In: Theologische Realenzyklopädie (TRE), Vol. 30, Berlin / New York 1999, pp. 42–46, here pp. 43–44.
  2. ↑ for example, because the motto of the abbey was Jesus, Maria, sanctus Victor, sanctus Augustine , it goes well with the pre-Augustan Victorinus
  3. ↑ for example
  4. ↑ Short list of people ( Memento of the original from October 12, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (engl.) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / faculty.leeu.edu

Coordinates: 48 ° 50 ′ 47.3 "  N , 2 ° 21 ′ 20.6"  E