Bassum Collegiate Church

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Collegiate Church in Bassum (aerial view)

The collegiate church of St. Mauritius and St. Viktor in Bassum is an Evangelical Lutheran church in the Lower Saxony city ​​of Bassum ( district of Diepholz ). It is named after St. Mauritius and St. Viktor , who are venerated as saints . It was built as the collegiate church of the Bassum women's monastery .

history

It is a medium-sized brick church from the 13th century. It consists of a choir square with an apse , a transept with a square crossing tower and a three-aisled hall longhouse.

The former double tower complex in the west was probably destroyed in a fire in the church as early as 1327. The west portal was fundamentally renewed during the restoration of the church by Conrad Wilhelm Hase in the years 1866–69.

The oldest part is the east part built in the first quarter of the 13th century, the main apse with pilaster strips , arched frieze and arched windows and the gable above, structured by pointed arches. Originally there were side apses on the arms of the cross. The transept fronts are structured with corner pilaster strips and arched friezes. The north transept portal was repaired in 1866-69, the south completely renewed. In addition, the floor in the choir square was created from high-fire plaster of paris , which was restored in spring 2014, using an elaborate and now rarely preserved incrustation technique .

Building description

Originally a basilic nave was planned. The lower part of the north nave wall, built around 1230, has been preserved on the exterior. After a plan change around 1250, the nave was then built as a three-aisled hall church of the bound system until around 1270. As with the Cistercian church Haina and the Marburg Elisabethkirche, the longitudinal walls were divided into two floors.

  • View from the east

  • View from the north

  • View from the south

  • View from the west

Interior

Inside, the reception of Westphalian models that took place in all construction phases and their implementation in the forms of brick architecture is visible. Low round arched passages and overlying walled round arched windows in the west wall of the cross arms attest to the original planning of a basilica nave. The space is determined by the massive shapes of the cross pillars. Above this, steep domical vaults with ribbon ribs are built in the eastern parts and in the nave .

The crossing pillars, which resemble the corresponding pillars in the church of the Marienfeld monastery, are particularly powerful and compact . Similar forms can also be found in the Liebfrauenkirche in Bremen and in the church in Berne . The nave, consisting of two square bays, is designed as a hall church of the bound system. The cross pillars are provided with discontinued circular services , while the intermediate services are square in shape. Comparable forms of the hall church can be found in the churches in Billerbeck and Metelen . The aisles are vaulted with ribless domical vaults with hanging keystones.

  • View into the nave to the east

  • Choir room

  • Altar and apse

  • View of the organ

Furnishing

Baptismal font, Estorff epitaph in the background

Due to a fire in 1797, almost no medieval furnishings have survived. The large mosaic in the choir, the altar, the organ, the pulpit, the font, the lectern and the choir stalls come from the restoration under Conrad Wilhelm Hase. A wooden core of a reliquary from the 13th century in the shape of a house is decorated with a round arch frieze.

The grave of Countess Anna von Hoya († 1585) shows the deceased as a fully plastic figure lying on a sarcophagus adorned with 16 coats of arms. Two epitaphs with column framing and fittings ornamentation date from the first half of the 17th century. Two sandstone coats of arms are dated 1542 and 1687. A well-designed early classical epitaph for the abbess Eleonora von Estorff († 1769) shows a slim wooden structure with painted coats of arms and a large classical urn.

In the tower of the collegiate church there are three bronze bells from the Otto bell foundry from Hemelingen / Bremen with the string of strikes: dis' - fis' - gis'.

literature

  • Rudolf Fantini and Nicolaus Heutger: Church and Bassum Abbey (=  large architectural monuments . Issue 224). 2nd, completely changed edition. Munich / Berlin 1987.
  • BASSUM Kr. Diepholz. Ev. Collegiate Church of St. Mauritius and St. Viktor . In: Georg Dehio (Ed.): Handbook of German Art Monuments . Bremen Lower Saxony . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-422-03022-0 , p. 197-198 .
  • Ernst Andreas Friedrich : The collegiate church in Bassum . In: If stones could talk . tape IV . Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1998, ISBN 3-7842-0558-5 , p. 49-51 .
  • Hermann Haiduck: The architecture of the medieval churches in the East Frisian coastal area . 2nd Edition. Ostfriesische Landschaftliche Verlags- und Vertriebs-GmbH, Aurich 2009, ISBN 978-3-940601-05-6 , p. 101 .

Web links

Commons : Collegiate Church of St. Mauritius and St. Viktor (Bassum)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Bassum Collegiate Church and its luminous plaster encrustation floor. German Foundation for Monument Protection, accessed on November 6, 2017 .
  2. ^ Gerhard Reinhold: Otto bells. Family and company history of the Otto bell foundry dynasty . Self-published, Essen 2019, ISBN 978-3-00-063109-2 , p. 588 (here in particular p. 546).
  3. ↑ Gerhard Reinhold: Church bells - Christian world cultural heritage, illustrated using the example of the bell founder Otto, Hemelingen / Bremen (=  dissertation at the Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen ). Nijmegen / NL 2019, p. 556 (here in particular. P. 504).

Coordinates: 52 ° 50 ′ 41.2 "  N , 8 ° 43 ′ 25.2"  E