St. John the Baptist (Billerbeck)
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| Basic data | |
| Place: | Billerbeck |
| Construction time: | probably 1234 |
| Architectural style : | Late Romanesque - Gothic |
| Technical specifications | |
| Height: | 78 m |
| Building material: | Baumberger sandstone |
The Catholic parish church of St. John the Baptist , usually just called Johannis Church for short , in Billerbeck dates back to before 800 with its founding building. The existing building was probably built in 1234. It is an important example of a late Romanesque hall church of a bound order. Its shape has only been changed by minor restorations, and it is also rich in various pieces of equipment.
history
As archaeological investigations on the Johannis Church in the years 1983 to 1985 have shown, the first, verifiable building was probably built as a single-nave church in the 8th century, but an exact date is not possible. It was probably built under Bernrad, an abbot working in the Münster mission area, who was also the builder of St. Viktor in Dülmen . On March 25, 809, the day before his death, St. Liudger held his last holy mass in the original parish church of Billerbeck. Due to the wall technology, an inscription from 1074 can be assigned to the second church, which was based on its predecessor, at least on its western part, in terms of extension and floor plan. That western part was demolished in favor of a new church tower, according to architectural aspects this happened in the 12th century. It was integrated into the third building, which was built in 1234 according to a preserved choir inscription. The width of the predecessor roughly corresponds to that of the central nave. In 1425 the sacristy was added to the north-east corner between the north apse and the choir and the facades, especially their windows, were redesigned in the Gothic style.
The parish church was built to strengthen the diocese of Münster . It can be seen in connection with the other episcopal chaplains Beckum, Stadtlohn and Warendorf, because they each had a canon .
Between 1930 and 1931 and 1981 to 1985 the church underwent extensive renovation work. On March 10, 1985, the Johannis Church was registered as a monument under number 10 in the list of monuments of the city of Billerbeck .
Description and architecture
The building was influenced by the Marienfeld monastery church , where the Marienfeld pillars were modeled on , and Lippstadt. Both were under the influence of the gentlemen at Lippe . Strong French influences can be seen in the interior design of St. Johann. This usually means that the builder and / or his stonemasons previously worked in France. The bundles of pillars are very similar to those in the Romanesque churches of Poitiers and Laon. The church was partially redesigned in the Gothic style in 1425. The large, Gothic window on the east wall of the choir is particularly striking. The sacristy was also added in 1425.
The floor plan has three aisles , with the central nave , which is barely raised, being separated from the aisles by three bays. It ends with a just closed choir . The side aisles each open into an apse .
The domical vault is ridged in the side aisles, but underlaid with eight ribs in the central nave . The keystones are often designed as animals or leaves. The arches have a typical Westphalian bead profile. All surfaces and structures of the vault were originally colored.
The facades are marked by the Gothic remodeling in 1425 and are decorated in this style. Rhenish stonemasons were probably involved in this work , as the elaboration corresponds to comparable buildings from this region and is atypical for Westphalia . The north facade facing the city center was designed most splendidly. It is characterized in particular by its play of shapes and is divided into six axes. On the second axis from the west, it houses the main portal. The south side, on the other hand, is kept simpler.
According to archaeological studies, the 78 meter high church tower dates from the 12th century. This is supported by the shape of the sound openings , the structure, the originally vaulted basement of the tower and the wall technology of the foundations. The tower, like large parts of the rest of the facade, has a simple design. The only decorations consist of arched windows that are attached to each floor. The gothic pointed spire of the tower dates from around 1650 under Bishop Bernhard von Galen. It was re-anchored around 1700. The clock bells are attached to the west side of the spire.
On the north side of the tower is a large crucifixion group , which was probably created by Heinrich Gröninger between the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century. It is located on a pedestal and shows Jesus on the cross together with two hackers, who are two early baroque wooden figures. Above the tympanum of the crucifixion group is a clock that is dated 1876, comes from the Recklinghausen company Vortmann and has to be wound by hand every day. Above the dial, which was restored in 1982, there is an image of a grim reaper with an hourglass in his hand, symbolizing the passing of time.
Furnishing
The parish church has a rich interior, dating from the 15th to the late 18th century. Above the altar to the left and right are the life-size figures of the “World Savior” and the “Queen of Heaven” from 1618. They are works by the Münster sculptor Gerhard Gröninger (1582–1652) and like almost all sculptural work in the church (and the church building itself ) made of Baumberger sandstone , which was and is mined just a few kilometers east of Billerbeck. The late Renaissance pulpit was created in 1581. In the apse is the Pietá by the sculptor Johann Wilhelm Gröninger from 1715. The inscription says that the sculptor and his wife donated this altarpiece to the church. You lived temporarily in Billerbeck.
A Gothic twin beams Madonna is located above the center aisle between the pews dating from around 1480. It is polychrome taken . On the front, Mary carries the baby Jesus, on the back a bunch of grapes.
A stone Easter candlestick (around 1500) is attributed to the Bunickman workshop. The foundation stone of the church next to the altar gives the consecration date 1074 for the second church building. Also worth mentioning is the Renaissance altarpiece from 1609, which is worth a longer look (rear wall of the south aisle).
During Lent, a hunger cloth from 1930/31 based on the Marienfeld model hangs in the choir arch . It was modeled on an already existing cloth of the same kind from the 19th century. prepared.
At the turn of the third millennium, the life-size figure of Christ lying in the grave was found again. This dates from 1630 and was once supported by the Johanni Schützenbruderschaft in the Good Friday procession. On a base made of sandstone, it now serves in conjunction with a lamp (like an eternal light traffic light) as a permanent representation of the Holy Sepulcher.
Baptismal font
In the baptistery in the basement of the tower there is a late Gothic baptismal font from 1497, whose inscription indicates Johannes Schufuth, the pastor of St. John's Church at that time, as the founder. The goblet-shaped basin, which is decorated with rich sculptures, is made from a piece of sandstone. In eight reliefs on the side panels, images on the subject of baptism are shown alternating from the Old and New Testaments, for example the miracle of the spring of Moses, the baptism of Jesus in the Jordan and the depiction of a Christian baptism.
Altars
Four altars deserve special mention . One is the Magdalene Altar (1611) in the east apse of the south aisle. It used to stand (until 1959?) As an epitaph in the Ludgerus well chapel and then returned to the church. In addition to its early baroque decorations, it is adorned with a description from the parable 'Banquet in the Pharisee's House'. The altar shows the transition from Renaissance to early Baroque, probably the work of the Paderborn sculptor Heinrich Gröninger, another representative of this sculpting dynasty. On the west wall of the south aisle is the altarpiece, which was in the Ludgerus Chapel until 1959. In the east apse of the north aisle there is an altar with a baroque pieta, which was probably created for this place. On the west wall of the north aisle there are still remains of the Paulus altar from 1719 with its coat of arms. Here the relief 'Pauli fall from the horse' by Johann Wilhelm Gröninger has been preserved.
organ
The organ of the Johanneskirche was built in 1988 by the organ building company Johannes Klais (Bonn). It is hung on the back wall of the church as a swallow's nest organ. The main mechanism and the pedal towers are visible, while the swell mechanism and the wind mechanism are housed in a niche behind the organ. The console is on a small gallery in front of the organ. The instrument has 25 stops on two manuals and a pedal . The playing and register actions are mechanical. As a special feature, the instrument has a carillon made of 39 bronze bells with a range of c 0 - g 3 .
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
literature
- Peter Ilisch: Contributions to church history in Billerbeck . History sheets of the district of Coesfeld 40 2015, pp. 27–102.
- Dorothea Kluge: Georg Dehio , manual of the German art monuments Westphalia. 1969.
- Billerbeck's Holy Places. Published by the Catholic Parish Office St.Johann / Propstei St. Ludger, Billerbeck 1984.
- Hans-Bernd Serries et. al .: The Johannis Church. In: Ludgerusstadt Billerbeck. Place of pilgrimage to St. Liudger. Vako-Druck, Dülmen 2011. pp. 20-39.
Web links
- St. John's Church in Billerbeck - Diocese of Münster
- History of the parish church St. Johannis on the website of the parish and provost community St. Johann / St. Ludger
- The Johannis church town of Billerbeck
- Billerbeck: St. Johannis Church muensterland.de
- Report on the bells of Martje Salje
Individual evidence
- ^ History of the community. (No longer available online.) Catholic parish St. Viktor in Dülmen, archived from the original on November 27, 2012 ; Retrieved April 14, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Johannis Church. Parish and Propsteigemeinde St. Johann / St. Ludger Billerbeck, accessed on April 14, 2013 .
- ↑ Engelmeier, Paul: Westphalian hunger cloths from the 14th to 19th centuries . Munster 1961.
- ↑ More information about the organ of the Johanneskirche (PDF).
Coordinates: 51 ° 58 ′ 32.8 " N , 7 ° 17 ′ 22.9" E