Stinson 105

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Stinson 105
Restored HW-75
Restored HW-75
Type: Light aircraft
Design country:

United StatesUnited States United States

Manufacturer:

Stinson Aircraft Corporation

First flight:

February 3, 1939

Number of pieces:

1035

The Stinson 105 is a light aircraft produced by the US manufacturer Stinson Aircraft Corporation , which was built until the United States entered World War II. From 1941 the model had the additional name Voyager , as did the Stinson 108, which was manufactured after the war .

history

Civil development

Stinson 105, 2007

In 1938, Edward Stinson decided to introduce a completely new design to the light aircraft market, along with an equally new Lycoming engine . Lewis E. Reisner and Maurice A. Mills at the University of Detroit were responsible for the structural design of the first version (HW-75) with a 75 HP Lycoming engine . They used a NACA 4412 profile with split flaps and additional fixed slats . As a result, the machine was as good as a spin-proof.

Because of the delays in the new Lycoming engine, Stinson used a less powerful Lycoming engine with only 50 hp for the first flight of the prototype ( aircraft registration number NX21121) on February 3, 1939, but shortly afterwards it was replaced by a 75 hp Continental A75-3 was replaced. On May 20, 1939, the HW-75 received type certification (ATC 709). At the New York World's Fair , Stinson presented the aircraft to the public for the first time as the Model 105 . The number 105 referred to the planned maximum speed in miles per hour. Stinson manufactured 275 of the HW-75, of which 20 were sold to the RCAF .

The construction of the 105 was relocated from Wayne to Nashville (Tennessee) in May 1940 , where the majority of the production of 260 copies of the HW-80 version , now also referred to as Model 10 , was made. The USAAC procured six Model 10s as YO-54 (USAAC serial numbers 41-143 to 148) with a Continental O- 170-1 for test purposes . One with the RAF serial no. X1050 went to the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough. France ordered 600 of this variant, but only about five machines could be delivered before the 1940 armistice .

Stinson 105 of the Civil Air Patrol 1943

The Model 10A (HW-90) announced in February 1941 introduced the name Voyager for this series , which was later also adopted for the post-war model 108. The HW-90 used a 90 hp Franklin 4AC -199-E3. Apart from the cowling , which was shortened by 15 cm , the remaining differences to the HW-80 were more of a cosmetic nature. Of the total production of 500 copies, 27 went to a large landowner in Brazil, who used them to herd cattle. This model was used extensively by the Civil Air Patrol during the war, along with other Stinson aircraft. The USAAC ordered eight Model 10A's as AT-19A in 1942 , which were then given the designation L-9A in service , as it was noticed late that the Stinson Reliant was already bearing the service designation AT-19. The designation L-9B (AT-19B) was assigned to 12 civilian Model 10A requisitioned by the USAAC. With the GO-145-E-3 , the Model 10B then received the long-awaited Lycoming engine. However, only one example with the 75 hp engine was produced as a conversion of the 10A prototype.

Military advancement

In March 1940, the USAAC held a comparison flight at Wright Field , in which an inexpensive successor to the expensive to produce Stinson L-1 (Vultee Model 74) was to be found. Stinson took part in it with a modified Model 10, which had received a plexiglass roof. The assessment was good, but the rolling properties in difficult ground conditions were assessed as unsatisfactory, just like with the other six competitors. As a consequence of the test results, A. P. Fontaine, who had also designed the L-1, constructed the Model 75B (in the Vultee naming sequence) with two seats in tandem and a 100 HP Lycoming O-235 . The first flight of the machine (NX27711), which can be seen as the first prototype of the Stinson L-5 , was on June 19, 1940. In August the engine was replaced by a Franklin 6AC-264-F2 with 120 hp. The Model 75B, which was only built once, was the forefather of the L-5 Sentinel, which became known as the Flying Jeep during World War II .

construction

The fuselage and tail structure consisted of a welded tubular steel framework and were covered with fabric. Only the tailplane was a purely wooden construction. The fabric-covered wings used wooden spars with ribs and leading edges made of metal. A third seat was provided at the rear across the direction of flight.

Technical specifications

Parameter Data of the HW-75
crew 1
Passengers 2
length 6.76 m
span 10.36 m
height 1.98 m
Wing area 14.4 m 2
Empty mass 419 kg
Takeoff mass 770 kg
Cruising speed 160 km / h
Top speed 169 km / h
Climb performance 131 m / min
Service ceiling 3200 m
Range 560 km
Engines 1 × Continental A-75 -3 four-cylinder boxer engine with 75 hp

See also

literature

  • John Wegg: General Dynamics Aircraft and their Predecessors , Putnam Aeronautical, 1990, ISBN 0-85177-833-X , pp. 137 ff.

Web links

Commons : Stinson 105  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ ER Johnson: American Military Training Aircraft , McFarland and Co., 2015, p. 151
  2. John Wegg 1990, p. 139