Stratonike (daughter of Ariarathes IV.)

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Stratonike ( Greek Στρατονίκη Stratoníkē ; born around 200 BC; died between 138 and 133 BC), also Stratonike IV , was the daughter of the Cappadocian king Ariarathes IV and wife of the Pergamene rulers Eumenes II and Attalus II .

Stratonike was of Persian and Greco- Macedonian descent. Her mother Antiochis was the daughter of the Seleucid king Antiochus III. , called the Great, and the Laodike . Her father Ariarathes IV was the son of the first co-regent of a Cappadocia independent from the Seleucids, Ariarathes III. , and Stratonike , daughter of the Seleucid king Antiochus II. She had two brothers: Mithridates, who succeeded his father under the name Ariarathes V , and Orophernes . The exact family relationships are unclear, however, since a legend from the Hellenistic period was already spreading that Orophernes was a son who was put under Ariarathes IV. However, this rumor has only been handed down from the 1st century BC. At Diodorus.

In 188 BC Her father married her to Eumenes II , the ruler of Pergamon . This was preceded by an intermediary activity by the Pergamener. As a result, Rome , which had refrained from attacking Cappadocia for the payment of 600 talents and agreed to a peace, agreed to reduce the fine to 300 talents.

With Eumenes II. She had a son who was called Attalus III. was the last king of Pergamon and bequeathed his kingdom to Rome in his will. After in 172 BC When the rumor arose that her husband had been attacked and killed on his way back from Rome near Kirrha , his brother Attalus II Stratonike married. When the actual facts became known, however, he immediately severed this connection. Only after the death of Eumenes II in 159 BC He took Stratonike as his wife and acted as guardian of the still too young Attalus III. one for which he led the government. When Attalus II died in 138 BC BC Stratonike is said to have still lived and according to Marcus Iunianus Iustinus, who wrote in the late 2nd century, during the reign of her son Attalus III. have died. While a monument was being erected for his mother, Attalus III, who was nicknamed Philometor ("mother lover"), succumbed to heat stroke.

Stratonike is known from two almost identical inscriptions from Delos and Pergamon, which she designate as Basilissa and honor her for her exemplary character and the benefits she has shown. Part of the honor was the erection of a statue of the queen. In both cases, the demos is named as the founder, and the missing Delian inscription also shows that the demos of Athens was the founder and the gods Artemis , Leto and Apollo were recipients of the statue:

Ὁ δῆμος ὁ Ἀθηνα [ίων] / βασίλισσαν Στρατον [ίκην] / βασιλέως Ἀριαρά [θου] / ἀρλετῆς ἒνεκαόδωτς ἒνεκαόδω, ωτς ἒνεςαδεν καὶ ὐἰ ς /αόν κα ὐἰ τς / ντΛτΛτΛτΛτυτΛς ῖτῆς /αόεν καΛ ἰ ίτς / ντΛτυτΛτΛτΛς, Λότῆς /αόεν

"The people of the Athenians (consecrated) Queen Stratonike, the daughter of King Ariarathes, because of her exemplary character and her goodwill towards Artemis, Leto, and Apollon."

The dating of the inscriptions is the subject of discussion and, depending on the point of view and the assumed reason, varies between before 189 BC. BC, the year 188 BC And the time of the Cappadocian turmoil from 159 to 156 BC In the latter period Orophernes tried to take power in the Kingdom of Cappadocia, but was pushed back by Pergamon's influence under Attalus II. Attalid self-portrayal on this occasion could therefore stand behind the foundations in favor of the Pergamene queen from the Cappadocian house.

literature

  • Reginald Edgar Allen: The Attalid Kingdom. A Constitutional History. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1983, ISBN 0-198-14845-3 , pp. 201-203.
  • Haritini Kotsidu : TIME KAI DOXA. Honors for Hellenistic rulers in the Greek motherland and in Asia Minor with special consideration of the archaeological monuments. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-05-003447-5 , p. 218 f. No. 143 [E]. P. 317 No. 221 [E].
  • Helmut Müller : Queen Stratonike, daughter of King Ariarathes. In: Chiron . Volume 21, 1991, pp. 393-424.
  • Hans Volkmann : Stratonike 5. In: The Little Pauly (KlP). Volume 5, Stuttgart 1975, Col. 394.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Diodorus 31:19, 7.
  2. ↑ Justin 36.4.
  3. ↑ CIG 2280; OGIS 350 .
  4. ↑ Christian Habicht : Antiquities of Pergamon. Volume 8, 3: The Asclepion's Inscriptions . De Gruyter, Berlin 1969, plate 2; Helmut Müller : Queen Stratonike, daughter of King Ariarathes. In: Chiron . Volume 21, 1991, p. 395.
  5. ↑ Translation: Haritini Kotsidu : TIME KAI DOXA. Honors for Hellenistic rulers in the Greek motherland and in Asia Minor with special consideration of the archaeological monuments. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 2000, p. 218.
  6. ↑ For discussion see Haritini Kotsidu: TIME KAI DOXA. Honors for Hellenistic rulers in the Greek motherland and in Asia Minor with special consideration of the archaeological monuments. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 2000, p. 218 f. No. 143 [E].
personal data
SURNAME Stratonike
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Στρατονίκη; Stratonike of Pergamon; Stratonike of Cappadocia
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Queen of Pergamon, wife of Eumenes II and Attalus II.
DATE OF BIRTH 3rd century BC BC or 2nd century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 2nd century BC Chr.