Power supply Lübeck
The local power supply in the Hanseatic city of Lübeck is provided by the Lübeck municipal utility .
history
Establishment of the power station in 1887
Lübeck was one of the first cities in Germany to set up a public power supply. Lübeck was the first city to do this on its own (i.e. through a city-owned company). After 1884 the request of the " Deutsche Edison Gesellschaft für angewandte Elektrizität " to "grant a concession for electrical lighting and power transmission for the city of Lübeck with the authorization to use the streets and sidewalks for underground and above-ground cable laying" was rejected was because the power supply (like the gas supply) was to remain under public control and the development of the technology had not yet been considered sufficiently advanced, the state of the art was judged differently by the competent authority a year later and a "central station" was set up for electric lighting "advocates. The order was placed on January 18, 1887, by Schuckert & Co. in Nuremberg, which completed the power station for commissioning on November 16, 1887 at Mengstrasse 26. The purpose of supply was initially only the interior lighting of residential and commercial buildings and the exterior lighting of the port. In 1891 the outside lighting of the former train station was added. The rest of the street lighting was provided by gas lamps . The power generation was carried out by steam engines . The chimney of the electricity works (enlarged in an initial expansion in 1898) is clearly visible on city views from the west in front of the Marienkirche . A mains voltage of 110 V DC was generated .
Expansion up to the commissioning of the Herrenwyk intercity center
The facilities in Mengstrasse were constantly enlarged after the gas, electricity and water supplies were merged to form the "Authority for the Municipal Authorities" in 1895 under the direction of Max Hase . The output of the system grew from approx. 120 kW in 1887 to 332 kW in 1895 and further to 975 kW in 1902. The connection of the suburbs began in 1902 with St. Lorenz , in 1904/05 the areas in front of the Mühlentor (suburb of St. Jürgen ) followed the Burgtor and Marli (suburb of St. Gertrud ). In 1905 Travemünde built its own gas-powered power station. From 1906 onwards, trams in the urban area were also supplied with 550 V direct current. The generation of electricity in Mengstrasse 26 and the added buildings in Beckergrube 47-49 reached limits in view of the growing demand. Plans to build a power station on the site of gas works II in Geniner street were 1,909 in favor of the decision to a foreign power by the Electric Siemens enterprises AG , Berlin, given that this is a cross-country center next to the blast furnace plant in Herrenwyk built, the over inflators , the should generate the required electricity. The municipal authorities' own production was limited to 2,600 kW. The power supply through the overland center began on March 15, 1911. The three-phase current supplied by the intercity center was converted to direct current by converters in Mengstrasse.
Conversion into the "municipal companies"
The tram, which had been under municipal control from 1909, could also be operated with the external power from the intercity center. In 1912 Schlutup was connected to the supply, which was important because of the smokehouse and fish farm. From 1914, electricity was no longer produced in Travemünde either, but was obtained from the overland control center. War and the inflationary period slowed development and also led to a decline in supply, but as early as 1920 the Lübeck rural area (20 villages and 7 manors) was included in the supply and thus an important expansion step was taken. In 1921 the voltage in the city center was doubled from 110 V to 220 V DC from the beginning, just like in the suburbs. Organizationally, the agency was transformed into a corporation under public law, the "Städtische Betriebe Lübeck", in 1923 , with Dipl.-Ing. Hencke was. The conversion into a stock corporation was discussed even then.
End of the war in 1945
From 1923 to 1929, the new settlements in front of the old suburbs were connected to the power grid. The "light associations" participated in this task. B. one in Gärtnergasse still exists today. Technically, the changeover from converters to the new, low-maintenance and space-saving rectifiers was a step forward that made it easier to expand capacity. B. the increasing shop window lighting in the city center (Osram advertising: "Light attracts people"). A new administration building was moved into in 1932 on the site of the former gas works I in Moislinger Allee. In 1937 the Gate of Hope was the city's first fully electrically powered apartment block. The loss of statehood in the same year resulted in the corporation being converted into an independent enterprise. From 1939 the old high-voltage network with 6 kV was supplemented by one with 30 kV. Since the air raid on the night of Palm Sunday 1942 also hit the systems in Mengstrasse, the entire power supply in the city center failed overnight. However, the damage was largely compensated for in 1942. Only the unpopular chimney that had stood on Mengstrasse for almost 50 years was never rebuilt.
present
In 1994 the converter station of the HVDC Baltic Cable went into operation in Lübeck-Herrenwyk . A 380 kV line and a 110 kV line lead from this system, which was built on the former site of a thermal power plant fired with steel mill gas, to the Lübeck-Siems substation. This substation was once part of a power station. The 380 kV line from Herrenwyk to Siems is a curiosity in the German power grid because it is not connected to the rest of the 380 kV network in Germany via other 380 kV lines. Since there was no 380 kV connection from the converter station Lübeck-Herrenwyk to the rest of the 380 kV network at the beginning of the 2000s, the HVDC Baltic Cable could only be operated with a maximum of 372 MW (instead of the maximum possible 600 MW) until 2002 .
See also
literature
- Stadtwerke Lübeck (Ed.): 75 years of Lübeck Lübeck Electricity Works 1962
- Peter Guttkuhn: Electricity for Lübeck . In: Vaterstädtische Blätter , 26th year, Lübeck 1975, p. 64
- Stadtwerke Lübeck (ed.): 100 years of electricity for the Hanseatic city of Lübeck. 1887-1987 Lübeck 1987
- Uwe Kühl: The establishment of Germany's first municipal power station in Lübeck, LZG 79 (1999), pp. 237–272