Synagogue (kirf)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The synagogue in Kirf was built at Kirchstrasse 6 in 1845/46. During the November pogroms in 1938 , the synagogue was devastated and set on fire. Until 1945 the building that had been preserved was used as a forge. After 1945 the synagogue was converted into a residential building that is still in use today.

synagogue

The synagogue was built around 1845/46 at Kirchstrasse 6. It was a 11 meters long and 6.5 meters wide building with a gable roof. In the south and north walls there were three large arched windows and two small round windows. The two round windows could point to a room in front of the prayer room, but this can no longer be proven on the basis of the existing sources. Inside there was a women's gallery, which was accessible via a wooden staircase and which extended to the east wall. The prayer room had a vaulted ceiling with painting. There were attacks on the synagogue as early as 1935. During the November pogroms in 1938, the synagogue was devastated and set on fire. The building, preserved in its structure, was used as a forge until 1945. The synagogue was then converted into a residential building. An extension was built on the north side. The building is still used today as a residential building.

Jewish community of Kirf

Jews settled in the area of ​​the community of Kirf as early as 1600. The proportion of the Jewish population of Kirf rose rapidly from the 18th century. As early as 1784, the proportion of Jewish residents was 9.5 percent higher than in all surrounding communities. In 1905 the Jewish community in Kirf reached its highest membership level with 117 members. The proportion of the total population of Kirf at this time was around 17.75 percent. The community received the status of an independent Jewish community with the construction of the synagogue in 1845/46. Up until this point in time, the Jewish residents had visited the synagogue in Freudenburg . In addition to the synagogue, a religious school and a mikveh were available to the members of the community . Until the establishment of a separate Jewish cemetery in 1929, the deceased were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Freudenburg. Until about 1930 a separate religion teacher was employed, who also took on the duties of prayer and shochet . With the seizure of power of Adolf Hitler in 1933, and the reprisals against the Jewish population increased. In 1935 there were first riots against the Jewish community, with the result that almost half of the Jewish population left Kirf. Some families emigrated to the United States and neighboring France . During the November pogroms in 1938 there were again serious riots against the Jewish residents who remained in Kirf. The last members had to leave Kirf in 1939, in the course of the evacuation of the Red Zone , and most of them were brought to Trier. From there they were deported to the extermination camps .

Development of the Jewish population

year Jews Jewish families
1768 2
1784 2
1794 2
1808 21/32
1843 54
1850 50 8th
1895 100
1905 117
1925 78
1933 78
October 1938 39
Late 1939 0
  1. ↑ The sources give different numbers here

Source: alemannia-judaica.de; jewische-gemeinden.de; Cilli Kasper-Holtkatte: Jews on the move

According to the memorial book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945 and the Central Database of the Names of the Holocaust Victims of Yad Vashem , 60 members of the Jewish community Kirf (who were born there or lived temporarily) were murdered during the Nazi era .

literature

  • Peter Dühr: The former Jewish community of Kirf. In: Trier District Yearbook (= Trier District Yearbook. 1982). Verlag Trier Volksfreund, Trier 1982, p. 182ff.
  • Cilli Kasper-Holtkatte: Jews on the move. On the social history of a minority in the Saar-Mosel area around 1800. In: Helmut Castritius (Ed.), Alfred Haverkamp (Ed.), Franz Irsigler (Ed.), Stefi Jersch-Wenzel (Ed.): Research on the history of the Jews (= Research on the history of the Jews. Volume 3). Hahnsche Buchhandlung Verlag, Hanover 1996, ISBN 978-3775256124 . ( online )

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Former synagogue in Kirf, Kirf parish, Kirchstrasse 6 . Kulturdb.de. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  2. ↑ a b c Kirf with Meurich (Trier-Saarburg district) . alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  3. ↑ a b c Kirf . jewische-gemeinden.de. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  4. ↑ Cilli Kasper-Holtkatte: Jews on the move. On the social history of a minority in the Saar-Mosel area around 1800. In: Helmut Castritius (Ed.), Alfred Haverkamp (Ed.), Franz Irsigler (Ed.), Stefi Jersch-Wenzel (Ed.): Research on the history of the Jews (= Research on the history of the Jews. Volume 3). Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1996, ISBN 978-3775256124 , p. 32. ( online )
  5. ↑ Cilli Kasper-Holtkatte: Jews on the move. On the social history of a minority in the Saar-Mosel area around 1800. In: Helmut Castritius (Ed.), Alfred Haverkamp (Ed.), Franz Irsigler (Ed.), Stefi Jersch-Wenzel (Ed.): Research on the history of the Jews (= Research on the history of the Jews. Volume 3). Hahnsche Buchhandlung Verlag, Hanover 1996, ISBN 978-3775256124 . ( online )
  6. ↑ Commemorative Book Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Federal Archives. Accessed January 1, 2020.
  7. ^ Central database of the names of Holocaust victims . Yad Vashem - International Holocaust Memorial. Accessed January 1, 2020.

Coordinates: 49 ° 33 ′ 5.5 ″  N , 6 ° 28 ′ 44.2 ″  E