Schmalzhoftempel

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Schmalzhofgasse synagogue based on plans by the architect Fleischers
Inside of Synagogue VI., Schmalzhofgasse
The memorial plaque installed in Schmalzhofgasse 3 from 1984 to 2010
This memorial plaque has been located at Loquaiplatz 5–6 since 2010

The Schmalzhoftempel , also known as the Schmalzhofgasse Synagogue , was a club synagogue in the 6th  Viennese district of Mariahilf ( Schmalzhofgasse  3). The synagogue was built in neo-Gothic style in 1883/84 according to plans by Max Fleischer and was destroyed during the November pogroms in 1938 .

history

The Schmalzhofgasse synagogue was an association synagogue of the "Temple Association for the Districts of Mariahilf and Neubau". It was built between 1883 and 1884. The synagogue was the first of three synagogues built in Vienna based on plans by Max Fleischer. Fleischer saw his synagogue building in the tradition of the Christian churches, which should be characterized by monumentality in interior and exterior life. The Gothic and the brick shell chose Fleischer, since it had only modest resources available and he was able to avoid sculptures. In an ideological sense, Fleischer sought to transform the rite into a Protestant direction. The Torah shrine and the prayer desk ( Bima ) were merged and an organ stage and a pulpit were installed.

In 1938, the synagogue was set on fire during the November pogroms and completely destroyed.

building

The neo-Gothic synagogue was built in the large courtyard of the former Schmalzhof and was free-standing on three sides. Only the north side bordered a neighboring building. The synagogue was made of raw brick and looked strongly divided by several turrets, roofs at different heights, rows of windows and a beautifully proportioned apse on the east side. The windows were made of colored lead glazing . The interior of the synagogues was divided by three aisles, with a gallery in each of the side aisles for the 236 seats for the women. From the wide central nave with the 322 male seats, the side aisles were connected by columns at different heights, which were connected with tapered straps. The interior was decorated by painting with oil paints .

1981–1984 a retirement home for the City of Vienna was built on the site of the former synagogue according to plans by the architects Erwin Christoph, Harry Glück & Partner and a memorial plaque with an inscription in German and Hebrew was attached to the rear of this new building at Schmalzhofgasse 3. This board was there until 2010, after which it was removed and replaced by a new board on the front of the building.

The inscription read:

The temple built in 1884 according to plans
by architect Max Fleischer stood
here.
He was on November 10, 1938
by the National Socialists [ ימש] 1 destroyed
in the Reichskristallnacht.

Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien

Kulturforum Mariahilf

1 Your name will be erased

פה הי ביכ״נ אשר נבנה בשנת 1884
ע״י האדריכל מקס פליישר
ביהכ״נ הזה נחרב
בליל הבדולח ב -10 לנובמבר
1938 ע״י הברבריוו
היו היו

יו

היו יו יו יו ניו יו יו יו יו ניו ניו ניו ניו ניו תיו יו יו יו יםו יו יו יו יו יו יו יו היםו יחו יםו היבו יםו יםו יו יו יחו יו יו

After the plaque in Schmalzhofgasse 3, which was placed at street level in a niche below a bay ledge of the new building and was often the target of blemishes and smearings, a second plaque with a new text was replaced in 2010 on the front of the new building at Loquaiplatz 5–6 revealed.

The inscription on the new plaque reads:

A synagogue stood here until November 10, 1938.

The building, built according to plans by the architect Max Fleischer in 1884
for the temple association of the Mariahilf and Neubau districts,
was destroyed in the pogrom night of 1938 and the
property was subsequently expropriated. It was not until 1952 that it was finally returned
to the Israelite religious community. In 1976
the property was acquired by the municipality of Vienna.

The Jewish population of the district was
driven into emigration during the Nazi era or perished in the
extermination camps. Many neighbors watched, few
showed compassion. Individuals helped and hid the persecuted
as " submarines ", they are honored as " righteous " by the Jews .

Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien District Representation Mariahilf

See also

literature

  • Pierre Genée: Vienna Synagogues 1825–1938 . Löcker, Vienna 1987, ISBN 3-85409-113-3 .
  • Bob Martens , Herbert Peter: The destroyed synagogues of Vienna. Virtual city walks . Mandelbaum Verlag, Vienna 2009, ISBN 978-3-85476-313-0 .
  • Georg Niessner, Peter Schilling: Virtual reconstruction of three synagogues in Vienna by Max Fleischer . Diploma thesis Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 2004.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Urban retirement homes in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
  2. ↑ Julia Schilly: Bringing the memory out of the "dark corner" . In: Der Standard from April 15, 2010, accessed on March 19, 2017.
  3. ↑ Julia Schilly: New memorial plaque for the destroyed synagogue . In: Der Standard from October 5, 2010, accessed on March 13, 2017.
  4. ↑ District administration Mariahilf: New memorial plaque for the destroyed synagogue ( Memento from October 24, 2010 in the Internet Archive )

Web links

Commons : Schmalzhoftempel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 11 ′ 44 ″  N , 16 ° 20 ′ 51 ″  E