Turquoise magnificent ground carrot
| Turquoise magnificent ground carrot | ||||||||||||
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Turquoise Prachtgrundkärpfling ( Nothobranchius furzeri ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Nothobranchius furzeri | ||||||||||||
| Jubb , 1971 |
The turquoise Prachtgrundkärpfling ( Nothobranchius furzeri ) is a toothcarp from the genus Nothobranchius .
history
W. Warne and R. Furzer were the first to find some specimens of these splendid basic sardines . In March 1968 and later again in December 1968 they collected a few specimens. These were then described by RA Jubb in 1971. The species name is dedicated to the co-discoverer and American aquarist Richard Furzer. In 1973 Walter Foersch in Munich succeeded in raising a healthy pair of Nothobranchius furzeri from a few eggs . It is believed that almost all specimens kept in aquariums are descended from this pair.
It was not until 1999 that aquarists who specialized in killifish found specimens of this species in the wild again; these had a different color pattern. Between 2004 and 2007, more specimens were found and increased by killifish lovers and scientists.
Locations:
- MON 99-4
- Gonarezhou National Park (GRZ)
- Mazimechopes River MOZ 04-13
- Combomune MZHL 05-2
- MON 99-6
Appearance
The males can be 6 cm long, females stay a little smaller. Since this type is very variable in color, a general description for all location variants is not possible.
The following description refers to the variant that was discovered first. The males have a turquoise basic body color, the scales are bordered carmine-red, which results in a net-like appearance. The gill covers are white at the top and yellow at the bottom. The anal fin is spotted in red; some points together form a net-like pattern. The base of the dorsal fin is dark blue to dark turquoise and also has dark brown to dark red points. In the upper part, these points form a striped pattern. The caudal fin is bluish in color. On this background there are dark rust-red stripes. This is followed by a yellow, then a black border.
The females are monochrome, silvery beige in color.
habitat
The first specimens were discovered in Gonarezhou National Park in what is now Zimbabwe . It is an uninhabited region that is only occasionally entered by park rangers or poachers. There is sparse bush vegetation.
The first location was two waterholes called Sazale and Malugwe, which lay along the temporarily water-bearing Guluene river. Other sites were in similar regions in Mozambique . The fish stay in pools and water channels that only have water at times. In adaptation to the short and unproductive rainy season in the region, through which the water holes dry out quickly, belongs Nothobranchius furzeri to season fish .
The air temperature during the day is 30–35 ° C, so that the water temperature in the shallow pools and water channels is correspondingly high. Because many wild animals, including elephants, drink from the pools, the water is heavily populated with zooplankton. The fish also have insect larvae and approach food available as food. Lungfish and frog larvae occasionally live together with Nothobranchius furzeri as further higher organisms .
science
Nothobranchius furzeri was until recently the fish species with the lowest life expectancy and was only replaced by the goby species Eviota sigillata in 2005 . In the aquarium it is easy to see that the animals show clear signs of aging at around 3 months and die at 3 to 4 months of age. That is why the species has become an object of research. In various research groups, biological factors in life extension and the genetic dispositions of early aging are investigated.
According to research by Italian researchers, a substance in red wine, resveratrol , is said to extend the lifespan of these fish by 30–60 percent if it is added to the food. In addition, the scientists at the Leibniz Institute for Aging Research have already deciphered several million building blocks of the genome . At the same time, the search for genes that control aging processes is ongoing. Cross-breeding experiments with longer-lived subspecies of the magnificent ground carrot as well as changes in the genetic material ( mutations ) triggered in laboratory experiments should also bring the researchers on the track of aging genes. In 2012, crossing experiments on four chromosomes identified areas with age-determining genes. However, the areas are relatively large.
Research Groups:
- The Nothobranchius Project of the Leibniz Institute for Aging Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI)
- Martin Reichard, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- Anne Brunet's Group at Stanford University
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Aging
- The Austrian Notho project - Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology at the Medical University of Vienna
Reproduction and aquaristics
The male impresses in front of the female and swims around it. If this is ready to mate, it follows to a spawning site. To spawn, the female hugs the male and both dig up the ground 1–2 centimeters deep where spawning takes place. In the wild, the habitat dries up. The eggs remain moist in the soil, where the young fish develop. They hatch during the next rainy season.
In the aquarium the fish are spawned in a layer of peat or in sand. The peat is dried to residual moisture and then stored in a plastic bag. It is important that the peat base does not become moldy or moldy. After up to 9 months, the peat is placed in the rearing tank, where the fry hatch after a few hours. Since the parent animals have long since died by this time, nothing should go wrong with the storage of the peat, the hatching and the rearing of the young fish. The reproduction of Nothobranchius furzeri is therefore considered difficult.
When rearing it is important to ensure that the fish are fed richly, as they have little time to grow. There are successes in feeding mosquito larvae .
| Appropriate keeping in the aquarium | |
|---|---|
| Gravel | unfertilized fiber peat |
| temperature | 25 ° C |
| Total hardness | 15-20 ° dH |
| PH value | by 7.5 |
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Nothobranchius furzeri Information Network ( Memento of the original from September 19, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ British Killifish Association Database
- ↑ Nothobranchius.de
- ↑ A new Nothobranchius by RA Jubb (PDF; 2.7 MB)
- ↑ Life-sustaining measure: drink red wine. In: Wissenschaft.de. Retrieved September 8, 2019 .
- ↑ IDW Leibniz Institute for Aging Research officially starts work on November 22nd
- ↑ Kirschner, J., Weber, D., Neuschl et al .: Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling lifespan in the short-lived fish Nothobranchius furzeri - a new vertebrate model for age research. In: Aging Cell Online , January 13, 2012. doi : 10.1111 / j.1474-9726.2011.00780.x
- ^ Nothobranchius Project of the Leibniz Institute
- ↑ Dr. Martin Reichard
- ^ Brunet's Group at Stanford University
- ↑ Harald Rösch: Life in Time Lapse. in: MaxPlanckResearch . The science magazine of the Max Planck Society . 2.2015
- ↑ Group Pusch / Zupkovitz. Retrieved January 3, 2020 .
- ↑ a b LABORATORY MANUAL FOR CULTURING N. furzeri (PDF; 113 kB)
- ^ Ines Scheurmann: Züchten aquarium fish , p. 104f, Gräfe and Unzer GmbH, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-7742-5063-4
Web links
- Turquoise Prachtgrundkärpfling on Fishbase.org (English)
- Nothobranchius furzeri inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013.2. Listed by: Bills, R., Engelbrecht, J. & Marshall, BE, 2007. Retrieved January 11, 2014.