SOUND 618

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quasar
SOUND 618
Constellation Hunting dogs
Position
equinox : J2000.0
Right ascension 12h 28m 24.9s
declination + 31 ° 28 ′ 38 ″
Further data
Brightness  (visual)

15.9 mag

distance

3.18 gpc

Absolute brightness −30.7 mag
Dimensions 66 billion M ☉
history
Date of discovery

1957

Catalog names
FBQS J122824.9 + 312837, B2 1225 + 31, B2 1225 + 317, 7C 1225 + 3145
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TON 618 is a distant, strongly luminous quasar in the constellation of the hounds . It also contains one of the most massive known black holes , with an assumed mass of 66 billion times the mass of the sun .

history

TON 618 was first mentioned in a study of pale blue stars (mostly white dwarfs ) in 1957. At the time, the nature of such objects was unknown as quasars were not recognized until 1963. Through photographs of the 0.7 m Schmidt telescope in the Tonantzintla Observatory in Mexico, it appeared "undoubtedly purple" and was added to the Tonantzintla catalog as number 618.

In 1970, during a radio wave investigation in Bologna, radio waves were emitted at TON 618, whereupon it was classified as a quasar. Marie-Helene Ulrich then examined the optical spectrum of TON 618 at the McDonald Observatory , which shows emission lines typical of a quasar . Ulrich deduced from the redshift that TON 618 is extremely far away and is therefore one of the brightest known quasars.

Supermassive black hole

As a quasar, TON 618 is believed to be an accretion disk with hot gases around a supermassive black hole in the center of a galaxy . The light of the quasar is estimated to be 10.4 billion years old. The orbiting galaxy is not visible from Earth because the quasar itself outshines it. With an absolute brightness of −30.7, it shines with a strength of 4 × 10 40 watts or as bright as 140 trillion suns, which is why it is one of the brightest objects in the observable universe .

Like other quasars, TON 618 has a spectrum with emission lines of cooler gas further outside the accretion disk, in the " BLR ". The emission lines in the spectrum of TON 618 are unusually wide, which is a sign that the gas is moving very quickly; the hydrogen beta line shows it is moving at about 7000 km / s. Therefore, the central black hole has to exert an extremely strong gravitational force .

The size of the BLR can be calculated with the brightness of the luminous radiation of the quasar. Given the size of this region and the orbital velocity , we can use the law of gravitation to determine that the mass of the black hole in TON 618 is approximately 66 billion solar masses. With such a mass, TON 618 falls into the new category of supermassive black holes . A black hole of this mass has a Schwarzschild radius of 1,300  AU .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e NED results for object TON 618 . In: NASA / IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE .
  2. ↑ a b c d O. Shemmer, H. Netzer, R. Maiolino, E. Oliva, S. Croom, E. Corbett, L. di Fabrizio: Near-infrared spectroscopy of high-redshift active galactic nuclei. I. A metallicity-accretion rate relationship . (PDF; 770 kB) In: The Astrophysical Journal . 614, 2004, pp. 547-557. arxiv : astro-ph / 0406559 . bibcode : 2004ApJ ... 614..547S . doi : 10.1086 / 423607 . Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  3. ↑ 1963: Maarten Schmidt Discovers Quasars . Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  4. ↑ Braulio Iriarte, Enrique Chavira: Blue stars in the North Galactic Cap . In: Boletín de los Observatorios de Tonantzintla y Tacubaya . 2, No.  16 , 1957, pp. 3-36. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  5. ↑ G. Colla, C. Fanti, A. Ficarra, L. Formiggini, E. Gandolfi, G. Grueff, C. Lari, L. Padrielli, G. Roffi, P. Tomasi, M. Vigotti: A catalog of 3235 radio sources at 408 MHz . In: Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series . 1, No. 3, 1970, p. 281. bibcode : 1970A & AS .... 1..281C . Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  6. ^ A b Marie-Helene Ulrich: Optical spectrum and redshifts of a quasar of extremely high intrinsic luminosity: B2 1225 + 31 . In: The Astrophysical Journal . 207, 1976, pp. L73-L74. bibcode : 1976ApJ ... 207L..73U . doi : 10.1086 / 182182 .
  7. ↑ Shai Kaspi, Paul S. Smith, Hagai Netzer, Dan Maos, Buell T. Jannuzi, Uriel Giveon: Reverberation measurements for 17 quasars and the size-mass-luminosity relations in active galactic nuclei . In: The Astrophysical Journal . 533, 2000, pp. 631-649. arxiv : astro-ph / 9911476 . bibcode : 2000ApJ ... 533..631K . doi : 10.1086 / 308704 . Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  8. ↑ Michael Irving: “Ultramassive” black holes may be the biggest ever found - and they're growing fast. In: NewAtlas.com. February 21, 2018, accessed July 22, 2020.
  9. ↑ From Super to Ultra: Just How Big Can Black Holes Get? In: NASA.gov. Chandra X-Ray Observatory, December 18, 2012, accessed July 22, 2020.