Tambourissa religiosa
| Tambourissa religiosa | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tambourissa religiosa |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Tambourissa religiosa | ||||||||||||
| ( Tul. ) A. DC. |
Tambourissa religiosa is a small tree or shrub in the Monimia family from Madagascar .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Tambourissa religiosa grows as a small evergreen tree or shrub up to 4–5 meters high.
The short-stalked, simple and slightly leathery, bald leaves are more or less opposite. They are up to 8-15 centimeters long and up to 3-6 centimeters wide, the petiole is up to 1.5-3 centimeters long. The entire-margined leaves are lighter underneath and obovate to elliptical and at the tip rounded to marginalized or rounded to pointed, pointed.
Generative characteristics
Tambourissa religiosa is monoecious mixed sex monoecious . The unisexual, stalked flowers appear terminal or axillary as well as knotty, 3–7 ramiflor in stalked zymous , mixed or only male, inflorescences or individually terminal and axillary. There are several triangular bracts on each of the inflorescence and flower stalks . The female flowers usually appear individually or only terminally on the inflorescences. The flowers each consist of a "pseudocorolla" which is formed by a spherical and fleshy, approximately 8-10 millimeter large flower base .
The male flowers consist of a fleshy, spherical flower base with 2–4 small, triangular and bare tepals at the top. And there are many small, approximately egg-shaped stamens , with short stamens and lateral anthers, inside the flower base. In the anthesis, the flower opens and divides into 4 flat and spread out, slightly hairy lobes on the inside, on which the stamens sit.
The female, slightly larger flowers are without tepals and have an urn-shaped flower base with a small, four-lobed opening (pore, mouth, ostiole) at the top. Inside, embedded in the slightly hairy and slimy flower base, they have very numerous carpels (up to 300) with "subordinate", single-chamber ovaries and protruding, conical styluses . The opening (pore, mouth) of the flower base is closed by a slimy plug, which has a ( hyperstigma ) on top to which the pollen adheres and then grows down to the carpels inside. After fertilization, the plug disappears at the opening and the flower base grows into a thick-walled cup. Many small stone fruits are now formed inside .
Now the fruity, smooth and dark brown to reddish flower base enlarges to about 4–5 centimeters in size to form a pseudo and collective fruit , with a cup opening that is now about 1.2 centimeters in size, with walls that are not completely circumferential. When ripe it tears open unevenly and the many individual, small, approximately 8 millimeters long and egg-shaped stone fruits become visible. The solitary, small stone cores are light brown and slightly wrinkled.
literature
- David H. Lorence: A Monograph of the Monimiaceae (Laurales) in the Malagasy Region (Southwest Indian Ocean). In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Vol. 72 (1), 1985, pp. 1-165, at pp. 51, 132, doi: 10.2307 / 2399135 , archive.org .
- PK Endress : Noncarpellary pollination and 'hyperstigma' in an angiosperm (Tambourissa religiosa, Monimiaceae). In: Experientia. 35, 1979, p. 45. doi: 10.1007 / BF01917867 , online at researchgate.net.
- K. Kubitzki , JG Rohwer , V. Bittrich: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. II: Flowering Plants , Springer, 1993, ISBN 978-3-642-08141-5 (Reprint), pp. 426-437.