Tannhauser (Wollheim)
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| Title: | Tannhauser |
| Original title: |
Tannhäuser and the fight on the Wartburg, Tannhäuser and the fight on the Wartburg |
| Genus: | large moral Germanic opera with song and music in four acts |
| Original language: | German |
| Author: | Hermann Wollheim |
| Literary source: | Tannhäuser and the Singers' War on the Wartburg by Richard Wagner |
| Publishing year: | 1852 |
| Place of premiere: | Corps Silesia Breslau zu Frankfurt (Oder) in Breslau |
| Place and time of the action: | The action takes place in different centuries at the same time. The first act in the Venuskeller, the second somewhere else, the third in the industrial hall of the Wartburg, the fourth after the third. |
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Tannhäuser and the fight on Wartburg , also Tannhäuser and the fight on the Wartburg , is an opera parody by Hermann Wollheim after the opera Tannhäuser and the singer's war on the Wartburg by Richard Wagner . The parody was first performed for a court day of the Breslau Corps " Silesia " in 1852.
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In the Venuskeller the nymphs celebrate with Venus and Tannhäuser. Suddenly he hears a student song from above and, homesick, flees from Venus' arms:
- "Oh sound away, you sweet songs of joy,
- The tear wells - the pub has me again! " (First act, first scene)
Desperate Venus remains behind, comforted by her nymphs, while up on the earth the shepherd serenades the pilgrims who are on a pilgrimage to Grüneberg. The Landgrave discovers the sleeping Tannhauser, whom he thought was dead, greets him with joy and invites him to the Wartburg, where Elisabeth waits longingly:
- "Breakfast laughs, she will sweeten it for you,
- With their best muffled calf's feet. " (First act, second scene)
The two lovers meet, the Landgrave orders the singing contest to begin. First Wolfram sings an enthusiastic song ( Eduard and Kunigunde , see factory history), then Tannhäuser interrupts him to general indignation with a hearty love song about his experiences in the underworld:
- "If you want to eat the happiness of love with spoons,
- Well, go and pinch in the Venusberg! " (Second act, third scene)
Those present want to beat up Tannhauser, but Elisabeth protects him. She tells him to move to Grünberg with the penitent loafers ( day thieves ) and drink the sour wine there until it is purified:
- "[...] With those strollers who are in large heaps
- Go to Grünberg to drink off your sins. " (Third act, fourth scene)
Elisabeth wants to kill herself out of longing for Tannhäuser, and Wolfram, who is in love with her, cannot change her mind either. Tannhäuser comes with the pilgrims returning home - he was the only one who could tolerate the sour wine and could therefore not be completed. He decides to return to the Venus cellar. The secret gate opens down below and Elisabeth's body is brought on a stretcher. This shakes Tannhäuser so much that he dies too:
- "I follow you, beloved, into the crypt,
- And you, Ms. Venus, I'll put you in the air! " (Fourth act, fourth scene)
But then Venus appears and brings them back to life, because true love moves them deeply. The landgrave happily announces the engagement:
- "As a fiancé we recommend:
- Lieschen Pietsch and Mr. Heinrich Gottlieb Tannhäuser. " (Fourth act, fifth scene)
Factory history
The Wroclaw doctor Dr. Hermann Wollheim wrote a parody of Richard Wagner's opera Tannhäuser and the singer's war on the Wartburg under the title Tannhäuser, Opern- Posse (parody) for a court day of the student association “Silesia”, where he was a senior . The premiere took place in 1852 on this court day. The play was in 1854 under the title Tannhäuser and the brawl at the Wartburg and in a modified version as 1856 Tannhäuser and the brawl at the Wartburg printed at Grass, Barth & Co. in Wroclaw and the theater commission business relocated H. Michaelson in Berlin.
The last version from 1856 was the template for the Viennese parody of Wagner's opera under the title Tannhäuser , which was premiered in Vienna in 1857. It is attributed to Johann Nestroy by the modern literary historians , although this used to be rather controversial.
Wollheim had stuck to Wagner's prescribed course of action and meaning of the text pretty closely, albeit heavily alienated in parody. Own additions were a much longer farewell scene in the Venusberg, as well as the arias for Elisabeth at the beginning of the third and fourth acts, which had no equivalent in Wagner. There is also no “ happy ending ” in the opera , while Wollheim lets Venus appear at the end as Deus ex machina, who brings the lovers back to life. The reference to Grünberg - now Zielona Góra in Poland - as a pilgrimage destination in place of Wagner's trip to Rome, names a place which, despite its northern location, operated viticulture; However, contemporaries described the wine there as very sour (which Elisabeth alludes to as a “punitive measure” for the strollers).
The music for Wollheim's parody was written by an unknown composer. A loan from Nestroy's magic posse The Evil Spirit Lumpacivagabundus (1833) was the then popular hit song Eduard and Kunigunde , which Wolfram performed at the singing competition.
In recent times, Wollheim's parody is no longer played, but the title Tannhäuser and / or the brawl on the Wartburg is very often used for Nestroy's parody and sometimes referred to Wollheim's piece as a model.
Stage directions
Since Wollheim had not actually written the play for a professional theater company, he gave the manuscript detailed directing and costume instructions. As an introduction he noted:
- "The Posse thanks its creation to an occasional party and the request that several theater administrations have made to make the play accessible to them."
Wollheim suggested that the director give the first comedian the role of Pietsch, the bon vivant (first lover) that of Tannhauser, the female roles should be played by men to "increase the comic effect" .
The cloakroom also received precise instructions on how to design the costumes:
- Tannhäuser always appears in the student wank in the Pikesche , with a mustache and a mustache
- Pietsch wore princely regalia with exaggerated jewelry and medals
- Wolfram needs water boots with giant spurs and a Stuart collar
- Walther with tailcoat, white pantaloons (long men's trousers), parricide , glasses and cigar
- Venus in a white dress with an apron, flowers in her hair and on her bosom, a golden ring of stars around her forehead
- Elisabeth had to wear an ermine-trimmed rococo robe , in the 4th scene of the 4th act she had an old-fashioned, bourgeois dress, pointed scarf and pompadour bag , in the last scene she was a corpse dressed in white with a huge nightcap
- The nymphs would have to appear in short pile dresses, with long curls and flowers in their hair, some disguised as bottles (!) - "half mythological, half funny"
Later interpretations
Otto Rommel writes about Wollheim's work, although he admits that it was a great success with the public, saying that it was mainly a parody of Wagner's music. He calls the piece a "funny beer opera, whose spirit was the 'higher nonsense'" and criticizes the "tasteless long-windedness (farewell to Venus, singer war)" .
Even Helmut Ahrens referred to Tannhäuser as a simple musical fun of Wollheim.
In Max Bührmann one can read that "a mockery of Wagner's music [...] just as little can be felt as a mockery of the text" . The Wollheim product would only be a piece of entertainment for a high-spirited student beer evening.
literature
- Peter Branscombe (Ed.): Johann Nestroy; Pieces 36. In: Jürgen Hein / Johann Hüttner / Walter Obermaier / W. Edgar Yates : Johann Nestroy, Complete Works, historical-critical edition. Deuticke, Vienna 2000, ISBN 3-216-30335-7 ; Pp. 48-101 (section Hermann Wollheim).
- Max Bührmann: Johann Nepomuk Nestroys Parodies. Kiel 1933.
text
- Tannhäuser, or, the fight on the Wartburg. Great moral-Germanic opera with song and music in four acts , Hoyerswerda 1856 digitized
Individual evidence
- ^ Branscombe: Johann Nestroy; Pieces 36, p. 68.
- ^ Branscombe: Johann Nestroy; Pieces 36, p. 76.
- ^ Branscombe: Johann Nestroy; Pieces 36. p. 86.
- ^ Branscombe: Johann Nestroy; Pieces 36, p. 88.
- ^ Branscombe: Johann Nestroy; Pieces 36, p. 97.
- ^ Branscombe: Johann Nestroy; Pieces 36, p. 107.
- ^ Bührmann: Johann Nepomuk Nestroys Parodien. P. 127.
- ^ Curt Meyer: Hermann Wollheim's beer game "Tannhäuser or the brawl on the Wartburg" (1852) , in: Einst und Jetzt, 16 (1971) p. 67 ff.
- ↑ Example: Performance of Nestroy's work at the Rheinsberg Castle Chamber Opera Festival 2013 [1] ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Branscombe: Johann Nestroy; Pieces 36. p. 60.
- ↑ Otto Rommel: Nestroys works, selection in two parts, Golden Classics Library, German publishing house Bong & Co., Berlin / Leipzig / Vienna / Stuttgart 1908, pp. LXXXIII – LXXXIV.
- ↑ Helmut Ahrens: I am not auctioning myself off to the laurel. Johann Nestroy, his life. Societäts-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-7973-0389-0 , p. 345.
- ^ Bührmann: Johann Nepomuk Nestroys Parodien. P. 135.
